Tell me the area HDU 1798

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本文介绍了一道关于计算平面上两个圆的公共区域面积的数学问题。通过判断两圆的位置关系（相离、相交、包含），利用数学方法计算公共区域面积。包括使用余弦定理确定角度、三角形面积公式及扇形面积公式。

Tell me the area
Time Limit: 3000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 2958 Accepted Submission(s): 946

Problem Description
There are two circles in the plane (shown in the below picture), there is a common area between the two circles. The problem is easy that you just tell me the common area.

Input
There are many cases. In each case, there are two lines. Each line has three numbers: the coordinates (X and Y) of the centre of a circle, and the radius of the circle.

Output
For each case, you just print the common area which is rounded to three digits after the decimal point. For more details, just look at the sample.

Sample Input
0 0 2
2 2 1

Sample Output
0.108

[分析]
数学题。
首先判断相离相交还是包含（是叫包含吗？有点忘记了）。
相离就0.00，包含就输出小圆的面积。
相交先算出角A和角B的角度，算出2个扇形面积，减去两个三角形面积。
最后有注释。

[代码]

#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#define PI acos(-1)
int main()
{
    double x1, y1, r1;
    double x2, y2, r2;
    while (scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf%lf%lf", &x1, &y1, &r1, &x2, &y2, &r2) != EOF)
    {
        double dis = sqrt((x1 - x2)*(x1 - x2) + (y1 - y2)*(y1 - y2));
        if (dis >= r1 + r2)printf("0.000\n");//相离
        else if (dis <= fabs(r1 - r2))//包含
        {
            if (r1 > r2)printf("%.3lf\n", PI*r2*r2);
            else printf("%.3lf\n", PI*r1*r1);
        }
        else//相交
        {
            double a1 = 2 * acos((dis*dis + r1*r1 - r2*r2) / (2 * dis*r1));//注释1
            double a2 = 2 * acos((dis*dis + r2*r2 - r1*r1) / (2 * dis*r2));
            double sanjiao = 0.5*r1*r1*sin(a1) + 0.5*r2*r2*sin(a2);//注释2
            double ans = 0.5*r1*r1*a1 + 0.5*r2*r2*a2 - sanjiao;//注释3
            printf("%.3lf\n", ans);
        }
    }
}