Spring学习笔记_装配bean_01

最新推荐文章于 2019-03-13 19:58:27 发布

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本文介绍Spring框架中使用构造方法进行依赖注入的方法，并通过一个具体示例展示如何配置及实现类之间的解耦。

Spring的注入，主要包括类的注入，属性的注入。通过面向接口编程，结合Spring的依赖注入，可以动态的配置类的注入，使类之间实现解耦。属性的注入包括单个properties的注入，list，set，map，properties集中类型。下面直接上代码。

一、首先是普通bean的构造方法注入示例：

项目是通过maven构建，安装好maven之后，新建一个maven项目，选用maven-archetype-quickstart就行。pom.xml配置文件如下：

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.csii.spring</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringBean_01</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>SpringBean_01</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

 <properties>
     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
     <springframework.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</springframework.version>  
  </properties>
  
 <repositories>  
    <repository>  
      <snapshots>  
        <enabled>false</enabled>  
      </snapshots>  
      <id>central</id>  
      <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>  
      <url>http://repo2.maven.org/maven2</url>  
    </repository>  
  </repositories>  

 <dependencies>  
  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>junit</groupId>  
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
            <version>3.8.1</version>  
            <scope>test</scope>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>  
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>  
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>  
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>  
        </dependency>  
  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>  
        </dependency>
        
          <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>  
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>  
        </dependency>
        
         <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>  
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>  
        </dependency>
        
          <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.aspectjweaver</groupId>  
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>  
            <version>1.7.2</version>  
        </dependency>
        
     	 <dependency>
			<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
			<version>1.7.0</version>
		</dependency>
		
     	 <dependency>
			<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
			<version>3.1</version>
		</dependency>
  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>  
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>  
            <version>1.8.5</version>  
        </dependency>  
    </dependencies>  
    <build>  
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>  
        <plugins>  
            <plugin>  
                <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>  
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>  
                <version>7.5.4.v20111024</version>  
                <configuration>  
                    <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>  
                    <webApp>  
                        <contextPath>/${project.artifactId}</contextPath>  
                    </webApp>  
                </configuration>  
            </plugin>  
        </plugins>  
    </build>  
  <!--   <properties>  
        <springframework.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</springframework.version>  
    </properties>   -->
</project>

1、新建一个Source-Folder，命名为src/main/resources，在这个目录下新建一个文件applicationContext.xml.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    		 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
    		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd">  
  
   <bean id="duke" class="com.csii.spring.Juggler"></bean>
   
   <bean id="poem" class="com.csii.spring.Poem"></bean>
   
   <bean id="poeticDuke" class="com.csii.spring.PoeticJuggle">
       <constructor-arg name="beanBags" value="15"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg ref="poem"></constructor-arg>
   </bean>
   
</beans>

2、新建两个类：诗人类Poem.java，杂技表演者类:Juggler.java，既会表演杂技又会朗诵诗歌的杂技表演者PoeticJuggle.java

/**
 * 杂耍人
 * */
public class Juggler implements Performer{
	
	Logger logger=LoggerFactory.getLogger(Juggler.class);
	
	private int beanBags=3;
	
	public Juggler(){}
	
	public Juggler(int beanBags){
		this.beanBags=beanBags;
	}

	public void perform() throws Exception {
		
		logger.info("******表演空抛 "+beanBags+"个豆袋子******");
	}

}

public class Poem {
	
	private Logger logger=LoggerFactory.getLogger(Poem.class);
	
	public void recite(){
		
		logger.info("******背诵诗歌******");
	}

}

public class PoeticJuggle extends Juggler{
	
	private Poem poem;
	
	public PoeticJuggle(){
		super();
	}
	
	public PoeticJuggle(Poem poem){
		super();
		this.poem=poem;
	}
	
	public PoeticJuggle(int beanBags,Poem poem){
		super(beanBags);
		this.poem=poem;
	}
	
	public void perform() throws Exception {
		super.perform();
		
		logger.info("******在抛豆袋子的时候...******");
		
		poem.recite();
		
		
	}

}

3、因为用到了sl4j打印日志，所以在src/main/resources目录下新建一个log4j.properties文件

log4j.rootLogger=INFO,A1
  
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender  
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%-5p %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [message] %m%n    
  
log4j.appender.A2=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender  
log4j.appender.A2.File=D:/log.log  
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=%-5p %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [message] %m%n

4、在测试目录下写一个普通测试类，即可以测试。

public class Test {
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>ApplicationContext ctx=
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>      <span style="white-space:pre">		</span>   new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>PoeticJuggle poeticJuggle=(PoeticJuggle)ctx.getBean("poeticDuke");
<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>poeticJuggle.perform();  
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>    
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>}


}

输出结果日志：

INFO 2015-05-31 21:33:57,399 [message] ******表演空抛 15个豆袋子******
INFO 2015-05-31 21:33:57,400 [message] ******在抛豆袋子的时候...******
INFO 2015-05-31 21:33:57,400 [message] ******背诵诗歌******