关于 sleep usleep nosleep select 精度

最新推荐文章于 2025-02-09 21:20:27 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2025-02-09 21:20:27 发布 · 961 阅读

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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lengzijian/article/details/9092367

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本文对比了sleep、usleep、select和nanosleep四种延时函数的精度，并通过实验验证了它们在不同延时需求下的实际表现。文章指出，在unix、linux系统中，由于usleep和sleep的精度问题，推荐使用nanosleep进行更精确的延时控制。

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/lengzijian/article/details/9092367

1.sleep的精度是秒
2.usleep的精度是微妙，不精确
3.select的精度是微妙，精确
    struct timeval delay;
    delay.tv_sec = 0;
    delay.tv_usec = 20 * 1000; // 20 ms
    select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &delay);

4.nanosleep的精度是纳秒，不精确
unix、linux系统尽量不要使用usleep和sleep而应该使用nanosleep，使用nanosleep应注意判断返回值和错误代码，否则容易造成cpu占用率100%。

/*
        make:  gcc -o test_sleep test_sleep.c 
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
 
#define PRINT_USEAGE  { \
   fprintf(stderr,"\n Usage: %s usec ",argv[0]); \
   fprintf(stderr,"\n\n");\
  }
 
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  unsigned int nTimeTestSec = 0;        /* sec */
  unsigned int nTimeTest = 0;        /* usec */
  struct timeval tvBegin;
  struct timeval tvNow;
  int ret = 0;
  unsigned int nDelay = 0;        /* usec */
  fd_set rfds;
  struct timeval tv;
  int fd = 1;
  int i = 0;
  struct timespec req;
  unsigned int delay[20] =
    { 500000, 100000, 50000, 10000, 1000, 900, 500, 100, 10, 1, 0 };
  int nReduce = 0;                /* 误差  */
 
#if 0
  if (argc < 2)
    {
      PRINT_USEAGE;
      exit (1);
    }
  nDelay = atoi (argv[1]);
#endif
 
  fprintf (stderr, "%18s%12s%12s%12s\n", "function", "time(usec)", "realTime",
           "reduce");
  fprintf (stderr,
           "-------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 
  for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
    {
      if (delay[i] < 0)
        break;
      nDelay = delay[i];
 
      /*      test usleep */
      gettimeofday (&tvBegin, NULL);
      ret = usleep (nDelay);
      if (-1 == ret)
        {
          fprintf (stderr, " usleep error . errno=%d [%s]\n", errno,
                   strerror (errno));
        }
      gettimeofday (&tvNow, NULL);
      nTimeTest =
        (tvNow.tv_sec - tvBegin.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tvNow.tv_usec -
        tvBegin.tv_usec;
      nReduce = nTimeTest - nDelay;
      fprintf (stderr, "/t usleep       %8u   %8u   %8d\n", nDelay, nTimeTest,nReduce);
 
 
      /*      test nanosleep */
      gettimeofday (&tvBegin, NULL);
      req.tv_sec = nDelay / 1000000;
      req.tv_nsec = (nDelay % 1000000) * 1000;
      ret = nanosleep (&req, NULL);
      if (-1 == ret)
        {
          fprintf (stderr, "/t nanosleep    %8u   not support\n", nDelay);
        }
      else
        {
          gettimeofday (&tvNow, NULL);
          nTimeTest =
            (tvNow.tv_sec - tvBegin.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tvNow.tv_usec -
            tvBegin.tv_usec;
          nReduce = nTimeTest - nDelay;
          fprintf (stderr, "/t nanosleep    %8u   %8u   %8d\n", nDelay,
                   nTimeTest, nReduce);
        }
 
      /*      test select */
      gettimeofday (&tvBegin, NULL);
      FD_ZERO (&rfds);
      FD_SET (fd, &rfds);
      tv.tv_sec = 0;
      tv.tv_usec = nDelay;
      ret = select (0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
      if (-1 == ret)
        {
          fprintf (stderr, " select error . errno=%d [%s]\n", errno,
                   strerror (errno));
        }
      gettimeofday (&tvNow, NULL);
      nTimeTest =
        (tvNow.tv_sec - tvBegin.tv_sec) * 1000000 + tvNow.tv_usec -
        tvBegin.tv_usec;
      nReduce = nTimeTest - nDelay;
      fprintf (stderr, "/t select       %8u   %8u   %8d\n", nDelay, nTimeTest,
               nReduce);
 
    }
 
  return 0;
}