【Linux | dkms加载安装nvidia】dkms的安装

NVIDIA驱动失效简单解决方案：NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn‘t communicate with the NVIDIA driver.

第一步，打开终端，先用nvidia-smi查看一下，发现如下报错：

NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. 
Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

第二步，使用nvcc -V检查驱动和cuda。

nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2018 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Sat_Aug_25_21:08:01_CDT_2018
Cuda compilation tools, release 10.0, V10.0.130

发现驱动是存在的，于是进行下一步

第三步，查看已安装驱动的版本信息

ls /usr/src | grep nvidia

比如我的驱动版本是：nvidia-450.57

第四步，依次输入以下命令

sudo apt-get install dkms

# 把驱动注册进入内核
sudo dkms install -m nvidia -v 450.57

等待安装完成后，再次输入nvidia-smi，查看GPU使用状态：

root@AI-03:/home/work/cluster# ls /usr/src | grep nvidia
nvidia-495.29.05
root@AI-03:/home/work/cluster# sudo dkms install -m nvidia -v 495.29.05

Creating symlink /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.29.05/source ->
                 /usr/src/nvidia-495.29.05

DKMS: add completed.

Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

Building module:
cleaning build area...
'make' -j32 NV_EXCLUDE_BUILD_MODULES='' KERNEL_UNAME=5.4.0-120-generic IGNORE_CC_MISMATCH='1' modules........
Signing module:
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.29.05/5.4.0-120-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia.ko
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.29.05/5.4.0-120-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia-drm.ko
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.29.05/5.4.0-120-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia-uvm.ko
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.29.05/5.4.0-120-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia-peermem.ko
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/495.29.05/5.4.0-120-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia-modeset.ko
Secure Boot not enabled on this system.
cleaning build area...

DKMS: build completed.

nvidia.ko:
Running module version sanity check.

Good news! Module version 495.29.05 for nvidia.ko
exactly matches what is already found in kernel 5.4.0-120-generic.
DKMS will not replace this module.
You may override by specifying --force.

nvidia-uvm.ko:
Running module version sanity check.

Good news! Module version  for nvidia-uvm.ko
exactly matches what is already found in kernel 5.4.0-120-generic.
DKMS will not replace this module.
You may override by specifying --force.

nvidia-modeset.ko:
Running module version sanity check.

Good news! Module version 495.29.05 for nvidia-modeset.ko
exactly matches what is already found in kernel 5.4.0-120-generic.
DKMS will not replace this module.
You may override by specifying --force.

nvidia-drm.ko:
Running module version sanity check.

Good news! Module version 495.29.05 for nvidia-drm.ko
exactly matches what is already found in kernel 5.4.0-120-generic.
DKMS will not replace this module.
You may override by specifying --force.

nvidia-peermem.ko:
Running module version sanity check.

Good news! Module version 495.29.05 for nvidia-peermem.ko
exactly matches what is already found in kernel 5.4.0-120-generic.
DKMS will not replace this module.
You may override by specifying --force.

depmod........

DKMS: install completed.

其他

NVIDIA显卡驱动报错

dkms加载报错

 
ERROR:   Failed to run `/usr/sbin/dkms build -m nvidia -v 418.181.07 -k 4.4.0-151-generic`:
         Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...
 
         Building module:
         cleaning build area....
         'make' -j4 NV_EXCLUDE_BUILD_MODULES='' KERNEL_UNAME=4.15.0-50-generic IGNORE_CC_MISMATCH=''
         modules....(bad exit status: 2)
         ERROR (dkms apport): binary package for nvidia: 418.181.07 not found
         Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 4.4.0-151-generic (x86_64)
         Consult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/418.181.07/build/make.log for more information.

$sudo update-alternatives --config gcc

选择相应需要切换的gcc版本即可

版本配置和切换

将不同版本的 python 装载进 update-alternatives

装载的基本语法：

sudo update-alternatives --install <链接> <名称> <路径> <优先级>

查看有哪些版本，再配置

ls /usr/bin/gcc*

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 70 
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-9 90 

ls /usr/bin/g++*
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7 70 
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-9 90 

参考

Ubuntu安装GPU驱动 && 填坑

解决Ubuntu重启之后NVIDIA驱动屡次失效：报错NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn’t communicate with the NVIDIA driver