不用实体类导出excel 文件并用HttpServletResponse response导出

<!-- Apache POI for Excel file manipulation -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
    <version>5.2.3</version> <!-- 请使用最新版本 -->
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
    <version>5.2.2</version>
</dependency>

@ApiOperation(value ="导出excel", produces = "application/octet-stream")
@PostMapping("/export")
public void export(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName,String subject) throws IOException {
    paperEnumAndConfigService.exportExcel(response,fileName,subject);
}


//假数据 直接运行

public void exportExcel(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, String subject) throws IOException {
    // 示例表头
    List<String> headers = new ArrayList<>();
    headers.add("ID");
    headers.add("Name");
    headers.add("Age");
    headers.add("Gender");
    headers.add("Department");

    // 示例假数据
    List<List<Object>> data = new ArrayList<>();
    data.add(Arrays.asList("1", "John Doe", "28", "Male", "Engineering"));
    data.add(Arrays.asList("2", "Jane Smith", "32", "Female", "HR"));
    data.add(Arrays.asList("3", "Sam Johnson", "45", "Male", "Marketing"));
    data.add(Arrays.asList("4", "Emily Davis", "29", "Female", "Engineering"));
    data.add(Arrays.asList("5", "Michael Brown", "38", "Male", "Sales"));

    // 创建 Excel 工作簿
    XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
    Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet 1");

    // 写入表头
    Row headerRow = sheet.createRow(0);
    for (int i = 0; i < headers.size(); i++) {
        Cell cell = headerRow.createCell(i);
        // 设置表头数据
        cell.setCellValue(headers.get(i));
    }

    // 写入数据行
    int rowIndex = 1;
    for (List<Object> rowData : data) {
        Row row = sheet.createRow(rowIndex++);
        for (int i = 0; i < rowData.size(); i++) {
            Cell cell = row.createCell(i);
            Object value = rowData.get(i);
            if (value instanceof String) {
                cell.setCellValue((String) value);
            } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
                cell.setCellValue((Integer) value);
            } else if (value instanceof Double) {
                cell.setCellValue((Double) value);
            }
        }
    }

    // 设置 HTTP 响应头，通知浏览器这是一个 Excel 文件并触发下载
    response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
    response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"" + fileName + ".xlsx\"");
    response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

    // 使用输出流将 Excel 写入到 HTTP 响应流
    try (OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream()) {
        workbook.write(out);  // 将 Excel 数据写入响应流
    } finally {
        workbook.close(); // 确保工作簿被关闭
    }
}

private static List<List<String>> convertJsonToList(String jsonString) {
    List<List<String>> result = new ArrayList<>();
    // 去除首尾的方括号
    jsonString = jsonString.substring(1, jsonString.length() - 1);
    String[] rows = jsonString.split("],\\[");
    for (String row : rows) {
        row = row.replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "");
        String[] cells = row.split(",");
        List<String> rowList = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(cells));
        result.add(rowList);
    }
    return result;
}

// 将 parsedDataList 插入到 Excel 中
private static void insertParsedDataList(Sheet sheet, List<List<String>> parsedDataList) {
    int currentRowIndex = 10;
    insert(sheet, parsedDataList, currentRowIndex);
}

// 插入行到 Excel 表格
static void insert(Sheet sheet, List<List<String>> parsedDataList, int currentRowIndex) {
    insertHang(sheet, parsedDataList, currentRowIndex);
}

// 将数据行插入 Excel 表格
public static void insertHang(Sheet sheet, List<List<String>> parsedDataList, int currentRowIndex) {
    for (List<String> rowData : parsedDataList) {
        Row row = sheet.createRow(currentRowIndex++);
        for (int i = 0; i < rowData.size(); i++) {
            Cell cell = row.createCell(i);
            cell.setCellValue(rowData.get(i));
        }
    }
}

//真的数据

 public void exportExcel(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, String subject) throws IOException {
        // 示例数据（使用 ArrayList 来初始化数据）
        List<String> headers = new ArrayList<>();

        PaperEnumListParam paperEnumListParam = new PaperEnumListParam();
        paperEnumListParam.setSubject(subject);
        paperEnumListParam.setIsTemplate(1L);
        List<PaperEnumListVO> paperEnumListVOS = paperEnumListService.listData(paperEnumListParam);
        paperEnumListVOS.forEach(paperEnumListPO -> {
            headers.add(paperEnumListPO.getName());
        });

        // 创建数据行
        List<List<Object>> data = new ArrayList<>();

        // 创建 Excel 工作簿
        // 创建 Excel 文件（XSSFWorkbook 是 Excel 2007及以后的版本）
        XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet 1");

        PaperEnumListVO paperEnumListVO = new PaperEnumListVO();
        paperEnumListVO.setId(1859904874234384299L);
        paperEnumListVO.setSubjectCode("注意事项");
        paperEnumListVO.setIsTemplate(1L);
        PaperEnumListVO paperEnum = paperEnumListService.queryOneData(paperEnumListVO);

        // 示例字符串 (假设这是 JSON 格式数据)
        String careful = paperEnum.getName();
        // 将 JSON 字符串转换回 List<List<String>>
        List<List<String>> parsedDataList = convertJsonToList(careful);

        // 写入表头
        Row headerRow = sheet.createRow(0);
        for (int i = 0; i < headers.size(); i++) {
            Cell cell = headerRow.createCell(i);
            // 设置表头数据
            cell.setCellValue(headers.get(i));
        }

        // 写入初始数据行
        int rowIndex = 1;
        for (List<Object> rowData : data) {
            Row row = sheet.createRow(rowIndex++);
            for (int i = 0; i < rowData.size(); i++) {
                Cell cell = row.createCell(i);
                Object value = rowData.get(i);
                if (value instanceof String) {
                    cell.setCellValue((String) value);
                } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
                    cell.setCellValue((Integer) value);
                } else if (value instanceof Double) {
                    cell.setCellValue((Double) value);
                }
            }
        }

        // 从第10行开始插入 parsedDataList 的数据
        insertParsedDataList(sheet, parsedDataList);

        // 设置 HTTP 响应头，通知浏览器这是一个 Excel 文件并触发下载
        // 设置为 Excel 2007及以后的格式
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"" + fileName + ".xlsx\"");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        // 使用输出流将 Excel 写入到 HTTP 响应流
        try (OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream()) {
            workbook.write(out);  // 将 Excel 数据写入响应流
        } finally {
            workbook.close(); // 确保工作簿被关闭
        }


//        // 将 Excel 写入文件
//        try (FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("E:\\example.xlsx")) {
//            workbook.write(fileOut);
//        } finally {
//            workbook.close();
//        }
    }

    private static List<List<String>> convertJsonToList(String jsonString) {
        List<List<String>> result = new ArrayList<>();
        // 去除首尾的方括号
        jsonString = jsonString.substring(1, jsonString.length() - 1);
        String[] rows = jsonString.split("],\\[");
        for (String row : rows) {
            row = row.replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "");
            String[] cells = row.split(",");
            List<String> rowList = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(cells));
            result.add(rowList);
        }
        return result;
    }

    // 将 parsedDataList 插入到 Excel 中
    private static void insertParsedDataList(Sheet sheet, List<List<String>> parsedDataList) {
        int currentRowIndex = 10;
        insert(sheet, parsedDataList, currentRowIndex);
    }

    // 插入行到 Excel 表格
    static void insert(Sheet sheet, List<List<String>> parsedDataList, int currentRowIndex) {
        insertHang(sheet, parsedDataList, currentRowIndex);
    }

    // 将数据行插入 Excel 表格
    public static void insertHang(Sheet sheet, List<List<String>> parsedDataList, int currentRowIndex) {
        for (List<String> rowData : parsedDataList) {
            Row row = sheet.createRow(currentRowIndex++);
            for (int i = 0; i < rowData.size(); i++) {
                Cell cell = row.createCell(i);
                cell.setCellValue(rowData.get(i));
            }
        }
    }