39. Combination Sum
Given a set of candidate numbers (C)(without duplicates) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations inC where the candidate numbers sums to T.The same repeated number may be chosen fromC unlimited number of times.
Note:
- All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
- The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.
For example, given candidate set [2, 3, 6, 7] and target7,
A solution set is:
[
[7],
[2, 2, 3]
]
求在给定的数组中查找为指定的和,每个数字可以重复使用多次,避免重复或者进行优化,数组要排序。
采用深度优先搜索的思想+回溯(可以不排序,并去掉剪枝)
public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum(int[] candidates, int target) {
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
List<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<>();
// 排序可以避免重复,结果可以按照顺序输出
Arrays.sort(candidates);
dfsCore(res, 0, 0, tmp, candidates, target);
return res;
}
private void dfsCore(List<List<Integer>> res,
int curIdx, int sum, List<Integer> tmp, int[] candidates,
int target) {
if (sum > target)
return;
if (sum == target) {
res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(tmp));
return;
}
for (int i = curIdx; i < candidates.length; i++) {
// 剪枝,可以没有,目的为了优化,必须先排序
if (target < candidates[i])
return;
sum += candidates[i];
// 剪枝,可以没有,目的为了优化,必须先排序
if (target < sum)
return;
tmp.add(candidates[i]);
// 之所以不传i+1的原因是:
// The same repeated number may be
// chosen from C unlimited number of time
dfsCore(res, i, sum, tmp, candidates, target);
tmp.remove(tmp.size() - 1);
// 回溯
sum -= candidates[i];
}
}
40. Combination Sum II
Given a collection of candidate numbers (C) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations inC where the candidate numbers sums toT.
Each number in C may only be used once in the combination.
Note:
- All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
- The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.
For example, given candidate set [10, 1, 2, 7, 6, 1, 5] and target8,
A solution set is:
[
[1, 7],
[1, 2, 5],
[2, 6],
[1, 1, 6]
]
与上体题不同的是有重复数字,并且每个数字仅能使用一次。
必须先排序,避免重复
public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum2(int[] candidates, int target) {
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
List<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<>();
// 此题必须先排序
Arrays.sort(candidates);
dfsCore(res, 0, 0, tmp, candidates, target);
return res;
}
private void dfsCore(List<List<Integer>> res, int curIdx, int sum, List<Integer> tmp, int[] candidates,
int target) {
if (sum > target)
return;
if (sum == target) {
res.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(tmp));
return;
}
//i = curIdx往后走,避免重复
for (int i = curIdx; i < candidates.length; i++) {
// 如果此层,下一个数跟当前数相等,则直接跳过,
if (i > curIdx && candidates[i] == candidates[i - 1])
continue;
// 剪枝,可以没有,目的为了优化,必须先排序
if (target < candidates[i])
return;
sum += candidates[i];
// 剪枝,可以没有,目的为了优化,必须先排序
if (target < sum)
return;
tmp.add(candidates[i]);
// 传入i+1
dfsCore(res, i + 1, sum, tmp, candidates, target);
tmp.remove(tmp.size() - 1);
// 回溯
sum -= candidates[i];
}
}
本文探讨了LeetCode的39题和40题——组合求和问题,针对给定数组找到所有不重复的组合,使得它们的和等于目标值。题目要求数组元素可重复使用,并需要对结果进行去重。Java解决方案中强调了数组排序以避免重复。
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