Leetcode48. Rotate Image

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本文提供了一种解决LeetCode上第48题“旋转图像”的方法，详细介绍了如何在不使用额外空间的情况下，将一个n×n的二维矩阵（图像）顺时针旋转90度。通过两种思路解析，一是找到并交换特定位置的元素，二是先进行矩阵转置再对列进行翻转，给出了Python、Java和C++三种语言的实现代码。

Leetcode48. Rotate Image

You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.
Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).
Note:
You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation.

Example 1:

Given input matrix = 
[
  [1,2,3],
  [4,5,6],
  [7,8,9]
],

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
  [7,4,1],
  [8,5,2],
  [9,6,3]
]

Example 2:

Given input matrix =
[
  [ 5, 1, 9,11],
  [ 2, 4, 8,10],
  [13, 3, 6, 7],
  [15,14,12,16]
], 

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
  [15,13, 2, 5],
  [14, 3, 4, 1],
  [12, 6, 8, 9],
  [16, 7,10,11]
]

思路一

在这里插入图片描述
找出这几个数索引之间的关系(规律)：任意一个(i,j) , (j, n-i-1), (n-i-1, n-j-1), (n-j-1, i)就是这四个索引号上的数交换。

思路二

先转置，然后把每列对称交换一下。
在这里插入图片描述

Python

class Solution:
    def rotate(self, matrix: List[List[int]]) -> None:
        """
        Do not return anything, modify matrix in-place instead.
        """
        n = len(matrix) 
        for i in range(n//2):
            for j in range(i, n - i - 1):
                matrix[i][j],matrix[j][n-i-1],matrix[n-i-1][n-j-1],matrix[n-j-1][i] = \
                matrix[n-j-1][i], matrix[i][j],matrix[j][n-i-1],matrix[n-i-1][n-j-1]

Java

public void rotate(int[][] matrix) {
    //以对角线为轴交换
    for (int i = 0; i <  matrix.length; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
            if (i == j) {
                continue;
            }
            int temp = matrix[i][j];
            matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
            matrix[j][i] = temp;
        }
    } 
    //交换列
    for (int i = 0, j = matrix.length - 1; i < matrix.length / 2; i++, j--) {
        for (int k = 0; k < matrix.length; k++) {
            int temp = matrix[k][i];
            matrix[k][i] = matrix[k][j];
            matrix[k][j] = temp;
        }
    }

}

C++

void rotate(vector<vector<int>>& m) {
        int n = m.size();
        
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            for(int j=0; j<i; j++)
                swap(m[i][j], m[j][i]);
        
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
            reverse(m[i].begin(), m[i].end()); //反转每行
    }