本文围绕《牧师与魔鬼》游戏开发展开，介绍与普通版区别，将动作从代码分离并设计裁判类，降低耦合、便于维护。阐述代码实现，包括动作基类、回调函数等。还提到裁判类作用及问题解决办法，最后分享制作心得，提升了游戏开发技能。
与普通版的区别
这次游戏项目与第一版的区别在于，将动作从代码中分离了出来，并设计一个裁判类实时地监管游戏，这样做会有很多好处：
- 降低了不同功能之间的耦合性，代码的复用性更好。
- 通过门面模式的设计，程序更加容易进行维护。
代码实现
SSAction 动作基类。
定义了两个虚函数 Start 和 Update，后续的动作类都继承动作基类并实现这两个虚函数。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class SSAction : ScriptableObject
{
public bool enable = true;
public bool destroy = false;
public GameObject gameobject { get; set; }
public Transform transform { get; set; }
public ISSActionCallback callback { get; set;}
protected SSAction() {}
// Start is called before the first frame update
public virtual void Start()
{
throw new System.NotImplementedException();
}
// Update is called once per frame
public virtual void Update()
{
throw new System.NotImplementedException();
}
}
ISSActionCallback 回调函数。
SSActionEvent 是回调函数，动作完成后需要通知主控制器完成结果，设计这样的类更加方便事件的调度。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public enum SSActionEventType : int { Started, Competeted }
public interface ISSActionCallback
{
// Start is called before the first frame update
// void Start()
// {
// }
// // Update is called once per frame
// void Update()
// {
// }
public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,
SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted,
int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null);
}
SSActionManager 动作管理基类
在Update 中实现了所有动作的基本管理。具体操作是遍历动作字典中的所有动作，查看它们的信息，进行相应的销毁或更新操作。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class SSActionManager : MonoBehaviour
{
private Dictionary<int, SSAction> actions = new Dictionary<int, SSAction>();
private List<SSAction> waitingAdd = new List<SSAction> ();
private List<int> waitingDelete = new List<int>();
// Start is called before the first frame update
protected void Start()
{
}
// Update is called once per frame
protected void Update()
{
foreach(SSAction ac in waitingAdd){
actions[ac.GetInstanceID()] = ac;
}
waitingAdd.Clear();
foreach(KeyValuePair<int, SSAction> kv in actions){
SSAction ac = kv.Value;
if(ac.destroy){
waitingDelete.Add(ac.GetInstanceID());
}
else if(ac.enable){
ac.Update();
}
}
foreach(int key in waitingDelete){
SSAction ac = actions[key];
actions.Remove(key);
Destroy(ac);
}
waitingDelete.Clear();
}
public void RunAction(GameObject gameobject, SSAction action, ISSActionCallback manager){
action.gameobject = gameobject;
action.transform = gameobject.transform;
action.callback = manager;
waitingAdd.Add(action);
action.Start();
}
}
CCMoveToAction 简单移动实现。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class CCMoveToAction : SSAction
{
public Vector3 target; // 移动后的目标位置
public float speed;
private CCMoveToAction(){
}
// Start is called before the first frame update
public override void Start()
{
}
// Update is called once per frame
public override void Update()
{
this.transform.localPosition = Vector3.MoveTowards(this.transform.localPosition, target, speed * Time.deltaTime);
// 如果游戏对象不存在或者当前位置已在目标位置上，则不移动
if(this.transform.localPosition == target || this.gameobject == null){
this.destroy = true; // 标记为销毁
this.callback.SSActionEvent(this); // 回调函数
return;
}
}
public static CCMoveToAction GetSSAction(Vector3 target, float speed){
CCMoveToAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCMoveToAction>();
action.target = target;
action.speed = speed;
return action;
}
}
CCSequenceAction 组合动作实现
通过一个列表存储组合动作中的各个子动作，并按存放的顺序依次执行。根据参数 repeat 判断是否要重复执行组合动作。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class CCSequenceAction : SSAction, ISSActionCallback
{
public List<SSAction> sequence;
public int repeat = -1;
public int start = 0;
// Start is called before the first frame update
public override void Start()
{
// 初始化列表中的动作
foreach(SSAction action in sequence){
action.gameobject = this.gameobject;
action.transform = this.transform;
action.callback = this;
action.Start();
}
}
// Update is called once per frame
public override void Update()
{
if(sequence.Count <= 0){
return;
}
if(sequence.Count > 0 && start < sequence.Count){
sequence[start].Update();
}
else{
return;
}
}
public static CCSequenceAction GetSSAction(int repeat, int start, List<SSAction> sequence){
CCSequenceAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCSequenceAction>();
action.repeat = repeat;
action.start = start;
action.sequence = sequence;
return action;
}
public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,
SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted,
int intParam = 0, string strParam = null, Object objectParam = null){
source.destroy = false;
this.start++;
if(this.start >= sequence.Count){
this.start = 0;
if(this.repeat > 0){
this.repeat--;
}
else{
this.destroy = true;
this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);
}
}
}
void OnDestroy(){
}
}
CCActionManager 动作组合
MoveBoat 移动船，这是单独的一个动作，对应为 CCMoveToAction。
MoveRole 移动人物，这是一个组合动作（折线运动），对应为 CCSequenceAction
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class CCActionManager : SSActionManager, ISSActionCallback
{
public CCMoveToAction boatMovement;
public CCSequenceAction roleMovement;
public FirstController controller;
private bool isMoving = false;
protected new void Start()
{
controller = (FirstController)SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentSceneController;
controller.actionManager = this;
}
public bool CheckMoving()
{
return isMoving;
}
public void MoveBoat(GameObject boat, Vector3 target, float speed)
{
if (isMoving)
return;
isMoving = true;
boatMovement = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(target, speed);
this.RunAction(boat, boatMovement, this);
}
public void MoveRole(GameObject role, Vector3 middle_pos, Vector3 target, float speed)
{
if (isMoving)
return;
isMoving = true;
SSAction ac1 = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(middle_pos, speed);
SSAction ac2 = CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(target, speed);
roleMovement = CCSequenceAction.GetSSAction(0, 0, new List<SSAction> {CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(middle_pos, speed), CCMoveToAction.GetSSAction(target, speed)});
this.RunAction(role, roleMovement, this);
}
public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,
SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Competeted,
int intParam = 0,
string strParam = null,
Object objectParam = null)
{
isMoving = false;
}
}
JudgeController 裁判类（新增）
裁判类的作用是判断游戏进行的状态并通知主控制器，简单来说就是将原来 FirstController 中的 Check 抽离出来用一个类单独实现。需要在每一帧判断当前游戏的输赢，因此需要输入相关的变量进行判断。
在 Update 中实现判断的逻辑，以达到实施监测的效果。
这里有一个问题，我们需要利用到判断的结果在主控制器中进行相应的处理（打印信息等等），但 Update 函数不返回任何值（void类型）。解决的方法是，在FirstCotroller 中设计一个回调函数JudgeResultCallBack，在裁判类中调用 JudgeResultCallBack 以返回判断结果。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class JudgeController : MonoBehaviour
{
public FirstController sceneController;
public Land rightLand;
public Land leftLand;
public Boat boat;
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
this.sceneController = (FirstController)SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentSceneController;
this.rightLand = sceneController.rightLandController.GetLand();
this.leftLand = sceneController.leftLandController.GetLand();
this.boat = sceneController.boatController.GetBoatModel();
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
if(sceneController.isRunning == false){
return;
}
this.gameObject.GetComponent<UserGUI>().gameMessage = "";
if(rightLand.priestCount == 3){
// win, callback
sceneController.JudgeResultCallBack("You win!!");
return;
}
else{
int leftPriestCount, rightPriestCount, leftDevilCount, rightDevilCount;
leftPriestCount = leftLand.priestCount + (boat.isRight ? 0 : boat.priestCount);
rightPriestCount = 3 - leftPriestCount;
leftDevilCount = leftLand.devilCount + (boat.isRight ? 0: boat.devilCount);
rightDevilCount = 3 - leftDevilCount;
if((leftPriestCount != 0 && leftPriestCount < leftDevilCount) || (rightPriestCount != 0 && rightPriestCount < rightDevilCount)){
// lose
sceneController.JudgeResultCallBack("Game over!!");
return;
}
}
}
}
FirstController 场景控制器
与上一次项目的主要不同是，这次的场景控制器并不具体实现移动和检查的逻辑，而是交由相应的功能类实现。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class FirstController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController, IUserAction {
public LandControl leftLandController, rightLandController;
public River river;
public BoatControl boatController;
public RoleControl[] roleControllers;
public MoveCtrl moveController;
public bool isRunning;
public float time;
public CCActionManager actionManager;
public float speed = 5;
public void LoadResources() {
roleControllers = new RoleControl[6];
for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
roleControllers[i] = new RoleControl();
roleControllers[i].CreateRole(Position.role_land[i], i < 3 ? true : false, i);
}
leftLandController = new LandControl();
leftLandController.CreateLand(Position.left_land);
leftLandController.GetLand().land.name = "left_land";
rightLandController = new LandControl();
rightLandController.CreateLand(Position.right_land);
rightLandController.GetLand().land.name = "right_land";
foreach (RoleControl roleController in roleControllers)
{
roleController.GetRoleModel().role.transform.localPosition = leftLandController.AddRole(roleController.GetRoleModel());
}
boatController = new BoatControl();
boatController.CreateBoat(Position.left_boat);
river = new River(Position.river);
moveController = new MoveCtrl();
isRunning = true;
time = 60;
}
public void MoveBoat() {
if (isRunning == false || actionManager.CheckMoving() == true) return;
Vector3 target;
if(boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight){
target = Position.left_boat;
}
else{
target = Position.right_boat;
}
actionManager.MoveBoat(boatController.GetBoatModel().boat, target, speed);
boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight = !boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight;
}
public void MoveRole(Role roleModel) {
if (isRunning == false || actionManager.CheckMoving() == true) return;
Vector3 middle_pos;
Vector3 target;
if(roleModel.inBoat){
if(boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight){
target = rightLandController.AddRole(roleModel);
}
else{
target = leftLandController.AddRole(roleModel);
}
// if(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y > target.y){
// middle_pos = new Vector3(target.x, roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y, target.z);
// }
// else{
// middle_pos = new Vector3(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.x, target.y, target.z);
// }
middle_pos = new Vector3(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.x, target.y, target.z);
actionManager.MoveRole(roleModel.role, middle_pos, target, speed);
roleModel.onRight = boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight;
boatController.RemoveRole(roleModel);
}
else{
if (boatController.GetBoatModel().isRight == roleModel.onRight){
if (roleModel.onRight) {
rightLandController.RemoveRole(roleModel);
}
else {
leftLandController.RemoveRole(roleModel);
}
target = boatController.AddRole(roleModel);
// if(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y > target.y){
// middle_pos = new Vector3(target.x, roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y, target.z);
// }
// else{
// middle_pos = new Vector3(roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.x, target.y, target.z);
// }
middle_pos = new Vector3(target.x, roleModel.role.transform.localPosition.y, target.z);
actionManager.MoveRole(roleModel.role, middle_pos, target, speed);
}
}
}
public void Check() {
}
public void JudgeResultCallBack(string result){
this.gameObject.GetComponent<UserGUI>().gameMessage = result;
this.isRunning = false;
}
void Awake() {
SSDirector.GetInstance().CurrentSceneController = this;
LoadResources();
this.gameObject.AddComponent<UserGUI>();
this.gameObject.AddComponent<CCActionManager>();
this.gameObject.AddComponent<JudgeController>();
}
void Update() {
}
}
制作心得
总的来说，制作《牧师与魔鬼》这款游戏是一项充满挑战的任务，但也是一次有趣和有益的经历。通过熟练使用Unity引擎，合理设计游戏，分离动作和不断测试和改进，我成功地将这个创意变成了一个可玩的游戏。这个过程不仅提高了我的游戏开发技能，还让我明白了游戏制作的复杂性和乐趣。
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