实现3D引擎（六）- 纹理

    本文绘制一个带纹理的四边形。

#include<iostream>
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include<GL/glew.h>
#include<GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include"stb_image.h"
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>


const char* vertexShaderSource =
"#version 330 core                     \n"
"layout(location = 0) in vec3 position; \n"
"layout(location = 1) in vec3 aColor; \n"
"layout(location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoord; \n"
"out vec3 ourColor;    \n"
"out vec2 TexCoord;    \n"
"uniform mat4 u_projectionMatrix;    \n"
"uniform mat4 u_modelViewMatrix;    \n"
"void main() {                          \n"
"		gl_Position = u_projectionMatrix * u_modelViewMatrix * vec4(position.x, position.y, position.z, 1.0);\n"
"		ourColor = aColor;   \n"
"		TexCoord = aTexCoord; \n"
"} \n ";

const char* fragmentShaderSource =
"#version 330 core                   \n"
"out vec4 color;                     \n"
"in vec3 ourColor;                     \n"
"in vec2 TexCoord;                     \n"
"uniform sampler2D ourTexture;         \n"
"uniform sampler2D ourTexture1;         \n"
"void main(){                        \n"
"	color =  mix(texture(ourTexture, TexCoord),texture(ourTexture1, TexCoord),0.2); }  \n";

float vertices[] = {
    // positions          // colors           // texture coords
     0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, // top right
     0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom right
    -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom left
    -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f  // top left 
};
unsigned int indices[] = {
    0, 1, 3, // first triangle
    1, 2, 3  // second triangle
};

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
bool firstMouse = true;
float yaw = -90.0f;	// yaw is initialized to -90.0 degrees since a yaw of 0.0 results in a direction vector pointing to the right so we initially rotate a bit to the left.
float pitch = 0.0f;
float lastX = 800.0f / 2.0;
float lastY = 600.0 / 2.0;
float fov = 45.0f;

// camera
glm::vec3 cameraPos = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f);
glm::vec3 cameraFront = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
glm::vec3 cameraUp = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

//key表示按下的键，action表示键按下/释放，mode表示是否有Ctrl、Shift、Alt等按钮操作
void key_callback(GLFWwindow * window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode)
{
    //用户按下ESC键，设置窗口WindowShouldClose属性为true,关闭应用程序
    if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}

int main()
{
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);    //主版本号
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);    //次版本号
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);//核心模式

    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "OpenGL Game", NULL, NULL); //创建窗口
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Open window failed!" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

    //将窗口的上下文设置为当前线程的主上下文
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    //GLEW是用来管理OpenGL的函数指针,调用任何OpenGL的函数之前都需要初始化GLEW
    glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
    if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
    {
        std::cout << "Init Glew failed！" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    int width, height;
    //从GLFW中获取视口大小
    glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
    //窗口左下角的位置、宽度、高度
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
   // glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
    //glCullFace(GL_FRONT);
   // glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
   // glPolygonMode(GL_BACK, GL_LINE);
    //注册按键回调函数
    glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);
    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

    //顶点数组对象
    unsigned int VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    //顶点缓冲对象
    unsigned int VBO;
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    //将顶点数据复制到缓冲中
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    //索引缓冲对象
    unsigned int EBO;
    glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    unsigned int texture;
    glGenTextures(1, &texture);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
    // 为当前绑定的纹理对象设置环绕、过滤方式
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    // 加载并生成纹理
    int widtht, heightt, nrChannels;
    unsigned char *data = stbi_load("container.jpg", &widtht, &heightt, &nrChannels, 0);
    if (data)
    {
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, widtht, heightt, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to load texture" << std::endl;
    }
    stbi_image_free(data);



    unsigned int texture1;
    glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
    // 为当前绑定的纹理对象设置环绕、过滤方式
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

    // 加载并生成纹理
  //  int widtht, heightt, nrChannels;
    //unsigned char *
    data = stbi_load("awesomeface.png", &widtht, &heightt, &nrChannels, 0);
    if (data)
    {
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, widtht, heightt, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to load texture" << std::endl;
    }
    stbi_image_free(data);



    //创建顶点着色器
    unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    //创建片段着色器
    unsigned int fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    //创建着色器程序
    unsigned int shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);

    //顶点属性配置,告诉OpenGL该如何解析顶点数据
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3*sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

    glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "ourTexture"), 0); // 手动设置
    glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "ourTexture1"), 1);


    //检查GLFW是否要求退出
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        //检查是否触发事件（鼠标移动、键盘输入等），如果有则调用相应的回调函数
        glfwPollEvents();
        //渲染操作放入循环中
        //清屏
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
        

       // glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
        //启用着色器程序
        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

       
        // pass projection matrix to shader (note that in this case it could change every frame)
        glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(fov), (float)800 / (float)600, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        //ourShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        int location = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_projectionMatrix");
        glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, (GLfloat*)glm::value_ptr(projection));


        // camera/view transformation
        glm::mat4 view = glm::lookAt(cameraPos, cameraPos + cameraFront, cameraUp);
       // ourShader.setMat4("view", view);
        location = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_modelViewMatrix");
        glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, (GLfloat*)glm::value_ptr(view));

        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
       
        //绘制
        glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
       // glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
        //交换颜色缓冲
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    }
    //结束时释放资源
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}


void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
    // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and 
    // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

// glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
// -------------------------------------------------------
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos)
{
    if (firstMouse)
    {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top
    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    float sensitivity = 0.1f; // change this value to your liking
    xoffset *= sensitivity;
    yoffset *= sensitivity;

    yaw += xoffset;
    pitch += yoffset;

    // make sure that when pitch is out of bounds, screen doesn't get flipped
    if (pitch > 89.0f)
        pitch = 89.0f;
    if (pitch < -89.0f)
        pitch = -89.0f;

    glm::vec3 front;
    front.x = cos(glm::radians(yaw)) * cos(glm::radians(pitch));
    front.y = sin(glm::radians(pitch));
    front.z = sin(glm::radians(yaw)) * cos(glm::radians(pitch));
    cameraFront = glm::normalize(front);
}

// glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
    if (fov >= 1.0f && fov <= 45.0f)
        fov -= yoffset;
    if (fov <= 1.0f)
        fov = 1.0f;
    if (fov >= 45.0f)
        fov = 45.0f;
}

    执行结果：