数据挖掘笔记-R语言基础-day5

Day5: ggplot2绘图

基础包绘图函数

plot(iris[,1],iris[,3],col = iris[,5])
text(6.5,4, labels = 'hello')

1. ggplot2入门绘图模版

ggplot(data = <DATA>)+
<GEOM_FUNCTION>(mapping = aes<MAPPINFGS>)

ggplot(data = iris)+
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = Sepal.Length,
                           y = Petal.Length))

        ggplot2的特殊语法 ：列名不带引号，函数之间写加号

2. 属性设置，size点的大小，alpha透明度，点的形状

ggplot(data = iris)+
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = Sepal.Length,y = Petal.Length),
             size = 5,
             alpha = 0.5,
             shape = 8)

2.2 映射：按照数据框的某一列来定义图的某个属性

ggplot(data = iris)+
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = Sepal.Length,
                           y = Petal.Length,
                           color = Species))

2.2 统一设置

ggplot(data = iris)+
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = Sepal.Length,
                           y = Petal.Length),
             color = "blue")

映射： 根据数据的某一列内容分配颜色

设置：把图形设置为一个颜色，与数据内容无关

自行制定映射的颜色

ggplot(data = iris)+
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = Sepal.Length,
                           y = Petal.Length,
                           color = Species))+
  scale_color_manual(values = c("blue","grey","red"))

使用配色R包自定义映射颜色，需要提前加载paletteer包

library(paletteer)
ggplot(data = iris)+
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = Sepal.Length,
                           y = Petal.Length,
                           color = Species))+
  scale_color_paletteer_d("awtools::mpalette")

paletteer集成多个配色R包

palettes_d_names可查看包的内容

空心形状和实心形状都用color设置颜色

只有既有边框又有实心的，才需要color和fill两个参数

一个geom函数画出来的所有东西称之为一个几何对象

几何对象叠加

#局部设置和全局设置

ggplot(data = iris) + 
  geom_smooth(mapping = aes(x = Sepal.Length, 
                          y = Petal.Length))+
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = Sepal.Length, 
                           y = Petal.Length))

ggplot(data = iris,mapping = aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Petal.Length))+
  geom_smooth()+
  geom_point()

局部设置仅对当前图层有效

全局设置对所有图层有效 

使用全局设置逐层画图：

ggplot(data = iris,mapping = aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length,color = Species))

ggplot(data = iris,mapping = aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length,color = Species))+
  geom_boxplot()

ggplot(data = iris,mapping = aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length,color = Species))+
  geom_boxplot()+
  geom_point()

ggplot(data = iris,mapping = aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length,color = Species))+
  geom_boxplot()+
  geom_point()+
  geom_jitter()

ggplot(data = iris,mapping = aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length,color = Species))+
  geom_boxplot()+
  geom_point()+
  geom_jitter()+
  theme_bw()      #设置主题背景

使用R包patchwork对多张图片进行拼图

library(ggplot2)
library(patchwork)
a = ggplot(data = iris,mapping = aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length,color = Species))+
  geom_smooth()+
  geom_boxplot()+
  geom_point()+
  geom_jitter()+
  theme_bw()

b = ggplot(data = iris,mapping = aes(x = Species, y = Petal.Length,color = Species))+
      geom_smooth()+
      geom_boxplot()+
      theme_bw()

a+b

图片保存，关闭画板

ggsave("iris.png")
ggsave(p,filename = "iris.png")
dev.off

将图片导出为ppt格式

library(eoffice)
topptx(p,"iris.pptx")

 代码可运行但是不出图：画板可能被占用，多次运行dev.off() 到null device为止

绘图代码网站：STHDA - Accueil

从生信技能树数据挖掘班搬运