关于GOP, open GOP, close GOP

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-15 14:17:09 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2024-03-15 14:17:09 发布 · 3.9k 阅读

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#header #random #reference #access #layer

本文介绍了视频编码中的GOP(Group of Pictures)概念，包括其结构、开放与封闭GOP的区别以及GOP长度的作用。通过具体示例帮助理解如何实现随机访问及提高编码效率。

from: http://www.videohelp.com

GOP: Group Of Pictures

A Group Of Pictures (GOP) consists of all the pictures that follow a GOP header before another GOP header.

The GOP layer allows random access because the first picture after the GOP header is an Intra picture that means that it doesn't need any reference to any other picture.

The GOP layer is optional, i.e. it's not mandatory to put any GOP header in the bitstream. In the header there is also the timecode of the first picture of the GOP to be displayed.

The decoding process, as the GOP header is immediately followed by an Intra picture, can begin at that point of the bitstream. Anyway it's possible that some B pictures, following such I_picture in the bitstream, have references coming from the previous GOP and can't be correctly decoded. In this case the GOP is called an Open GOP because some references from the previous GOP exist; if a random access to such a GOP is performed, some B_pictures shouldn't be displayed .
A GOP is called a Closed GOP when either there are no B_pictures immediately following the first I_picture or such B_pictures haven't any references coming from the previous GOP (in this case a GOP header flag must be set).

the GOP length is the period (often expressed in frames) by which an Intra frame occurs. It must be noticed that such a value cannot be found in the bitstream and it is unnecessary to the decoding process. Furthermore it isn't specified any fixed period for the Intra frame. As the presence of the Intra frames is quite important for many applications, it is the encoder that has to provide them, while the decoder has only to work with all the valid bitstreams.

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