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Raspbian命令行连接WiFi网络
1. 源由
“懒人”多福，是什么原因，大家知道不，哈哈。
如果大家关注过之前《Ardupilot开源代码之Rover上路计划》，为了笔记本电脑在不断网的情况下进行配置树莓派，通常直接将网线连过去。
为了省去连网线这个步骤，就直接用一个usb无线网卡连接笔记本连接的路由器。
2. 环境
看了这个环境，大家要问：
- 树莓派不是自带了一个无线嘛，你直接连这个WiFi或者让这个WiFi连笔记本的路由器不就好了嘛？
那是因为装了伴机电脑，用作AP了。
- 上面不是有个VPN呢，为啥不用这个？
确实有VPN，但是4G卡没有插，也不是一直开着4G的。
所以就另外插了一个小的USBWiFi网卡，这个就是偷懒的方法
$ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 2408:8240:610:9d30:e301:92a8:f296:4a2c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
inet6 fe80::e6a4:f90a:cb72:9166 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether b8:27:eb:f3:69:a6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 14578 bytes 2794676 (2.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 63410 bytes 53220714 (50.7 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 3727 bytes 807790 (788.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 3727 bytes 807790 (788.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.2.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.2.255
inet6 fe80::e294:8cc7:c0e0:dc9e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether b8:27:eb:a6:3c:f3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 672 bytes 81754 (79.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 18636 bytes 18470468 (17.6 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
wlan1: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether de:70:66:73:d0:07 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
zt44xhvvrc: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 2800
inet 172.24.161.33 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.24.255.255
inet6 fe80::4c84:edff:fe49:df6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 4e:84:ed:49:0d:f6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 99 bytes 7899 (7.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 108 bytes 17153 (16.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
3. 基本操作
3.1 信号扫描
$ nmcli dev wifi list
IN-USE BSSID SSID MODE CHAN RATE SIGNAL BARS SECURITY
* B8:27:EB:A6:3C:F3 rpanion Infra 1 0 Mbit/s 0 ____ WPA1 WPA2
IN-USE BSSID SSID MODE CHAN RATE SIGNAL BARS SECURITY
B8:F8:83:6E:16:9F AutoConnect Infra 1 405 Mbit/s 100 ▂▄▆█ WPA1 WPA2
3E:06:A7:46:A8:B0 -- Infra 6 195 Mbit/s 67 ▂▄▆_ WPA1 WPA2
3C:06:A7:56:A8:B0 402 Infra 6 195 Mbit/s 67 ▂▄▆_ WPA1 WPA2
46:FB:5A:1F:7B:DC CMCC_Share Infra 9 130 Mbit/s 67 ▂▄▆_ --
46:FB:5A:2F:7B:DC SSID3 Infra 9 130 Mbit/s 64 ▂▄▆_ WPA1 WPA2
44:FB:5A:3F:7B:DC CMCC-e33Q Infra 9 130 Mbit/s 60 ▂▄▆_ WPA1 WPA2
80:7E:B4:D9:E9:11 SJPSTAR Infra 11 130 Mbit/s 60 ▂▄▆_ WPA1 WPA2
48:CA:C6:9F:0B:52 206 Infra 11 130 Mbit/s 57 ▂▄▆_ WPA1 WPA2
4A:CA:C6:BF:0B:52 -- Infra 11 130 Mbit/s 54 ▂▄__ WPA2
84:65:69:D9:F4:6D -- Infra 1 130 Mbit/s 47 ▂▄__ --
8C:A6:DF:2D:E2:E6 zjt Infra 6 405 Mbit/s 47 ▂▄__ WPA1 WPA2
60:3A:7C:77:22:F1 suncheng Infra 6 405 Mbit/s 47 ▂▄__ WPA1 WPA2
62:3A:7C:27:22:F1 -- Infra 6 405 Mbit/s 47 ▂▄__ WPA1 WPA2
F6:6D:2F:20:E0:39 -- Infra 6 405 Mbit/s 47 ▂▄__ WPA1 WPA2
44:F9:71:B2:FD:EB Qch001 Infra 6 405 Mbit/s 47 ▂▄__ WPA1 WPA2
F4:6D:2F:30:E0:39 Suzuki Infra 6 405 Mbit/s 47 ▂▄__ WPA1 WPA2
14:B8:37:8F:A0:A8 ChinaNet-xinu Infra 13 130 Mbit/s 47 ▂▄__ WPA1
02:CB:66:CE:29:C2 ABCDE Infra 1 130 Mbit/s 44 ▂▄__ WPA2
02:CB:66:CE:29:D0 ABCDE_Wi-Fi5 Infra 1 130 Mbit/s 40 ▂▄__ WPA2
C8:BF:4C:77:9F:8D Xiaomi_FB33 Infra 1 540 Mbit/s 34 ▂▄__ WPA2 WPA3
C6:1A:3A:1E:F9:9F suncheng Infra 6 405 Mbit/s 34 ▂▄__ WPA1 WPA2
9C:9D:7E:EA:FB:BB 401 Infra 9 130 Mbit/s 34 ▂▄__ WPA1 WPA2
54:A7:03:A3:B5:C7 502 Infra 11 270 Mbit/s 34 ▂▄__ WPA1 WPA2
E0:5D:54:BC:2E:0B 312317 Infra 11 130 Mbit/s 34 ▂▄__ WPA2
B0:30:55:2A:56:0E CMCC-302 Infra 1 270 Mbit/s 30 ▂___ WPA1 WPA2
A4:39:B3:0B:16:47 Xiaomi_FB33 Infra 1 130 Mbit/s 30 ▂___ WPA2 WPA3
84:65:69:D9:F4:6F 202 Infra 1 130 Mbit/s 30 ▂___ WPA1 WPA2
EC:6C:B5:25:F8:AE CMCC-dQ7D Infra 8 130 Mbit/s 30 ▂___ WPA1 WPA2
CE:BF:4C:77:9F:8D -- Infra 1 540 Mbit/s 27 ▂___ --
24:CF:24:FE:E3:37 Xiaomi_FB33 Infra 1 130 Mbit/s 27 ▂___ WPA2 WPA3
B8:27:EB:A6:3C:F3 rpanion Infra 1 65 Mbit/s 27 ▂___ WPA1
E0:5D:54:56:FC:97 招珍 Infra 6 270 Mbit/s 27 ▂___ WPA1 WPA2
82:37:07:11:25:5D 茉莉家 Infra 6 130 Mbit/s 27 ▂___ WPA2
2E:D1:27:84:97:A5 -- Infra 11 130 Mbit/s 27 ▂___ --
14:57:9F:09:16:60 ChinaNet-HjdH Infra 13 130 Mbit/s 27 ▂___ WPA1 WPA2
38:16:72:CD:EB:A8 CMCC-Js65 Infra 4 130 Mbit/s 24 ▂___ WPA1 WPA2
68:FE:DA:9E:C2:CD ChinaNet-v2JP Infra 13 130 Mbit/s 24 ▂___ WPA1
8C:1A:50:0B:2D:A9 CMCC-xwm6 Infra 6 130 Mbit/s 20 ▂___ WPA1 WPA2
3.2 网络连接
$ nmcli --ask dev wifi connect "AutoConnect" password "password" ifname wlan1
Device 'wlan1' successfully activated with '4b0a9e71-ce2f-4a40-82b6-938ceaf876ff'.
3.3 断开连接
$ nmcli dev disconnect wlan1
4. 多网卡
4.1 信号扫描
$ nmcli device wifi list ifname wlan0
$ nmcli device wifi list ifname wlan1
4.2 网络连接
$ nmcli device wifi connect "<SSID1>" password "<password1>" ifname wlan0
$ nmcli device wifi connect "<SSID2>" password "<password2>" ifname wlan1
4.3 断开连接
$ nmcli dev disconnect wlan0
$ nmcli dev disconnect wlan1
5 状态检查
拔掉网线后检查个网络状态。
$ nmcli dev status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
wlan0 wifi connected WiFiAP
wlan1 wifi connected AutoConnect
zt44xhvvrc tun connected (externally) zt44xhvvrc
p2p-dev-wlan0 wifi-p2p disconnected --
p2p-dev-wlan1 wifi-p2p disconnected --
eth0 ethernet unavailable --
lo loopback unmanaged --
6. 配置网卡
6.1 配置密码
$ sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
$ sudo cat /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf
network={
ssid="SSID1"
psk="password1"
}
$ sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan1.conf
$ sudo cat /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan1.conf
network={
ssid="SSID2"
psk="password2"
}
6.2 连接WiFi
$ sudo wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
$ sudo wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan1 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan1.conf
6.3 获取IP
$ sudo dhclient wlan0
$ sudo dhclient wlan1
6.4 查看IP
$ ifconfig
7. 自启动
$ sudo nano /etc/rc.local
$ tail -n 3 /etc/rc.local
sudo wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan1 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan1.conf
sudo dhclient wlan1
exit 0
8. lshw查看硬件
$ sudo apt install lshw
$ sudo lshw -C network
*-usb
description: Ethernet interface
vendor: Microchip Technology, Inc. (formerly SMSC)
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@1:1.1.1
logical name: eth0
version: 3.00
serial: b8:27:eb:f3:69:a6
capacity: 1Gbit/s
capabilities: usb-2.10 ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=lan78xx driverversion=6.6.47+rpt-rpi-v8 link=no maxpower=2mA multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=480Mbit/s
*-interface:0
description: Wireless interface
product: 43430
vendor: Broadcom
physical id: 1
bus info: mmc@1:0001:1
logical name: mmc1:0001:1
logical name: wlan0
serial: b8:27:eb:a6:3c:f3
capabilities: ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=brcmfmac driverversion=7.45.16.144 firmware=01-b677b91b multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
*-network:0 DISABLED
description: Ethernet interface
physical id: 8
logical name: usb0
serial: 8a:64:47:92:a3:61
capabilities: ethernet physical
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=g_ether driverversion=29-May-2008 firmware=3f980000.usb link=no multicast=yes
*-network:1
description: Wireless interface
physical id: 9
bus info: usb@1:1.3
logical name: wlan1
serial: 14:cf:92:05:3c:d3
capabilities: ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rtl8192cu driverversion=6.6.47+rpt-rpi-v8 firmware=N/A ip=192.168.1.15 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
9. ethtool查看硬件
$ sudo apt install ethtool
$ sudo ethtool -i wlan0
driver: brcmfmac
version: 7.45.16.144
firmware-version: 01-b677b91b
expansion-rom-version:
bus-info: mmc1:0001:1
supports-statistics: no
supports-test: no
supports-eeprom-access: no
supports-register-dump: no
supports-priv-flags: no
$ sudo ethtool -i wlan1
driver: rtl8192cu
version: 6.6.47+rpt-rpi-v8
firmware-version: N/A
expansion-rom-version:
bus-info: 1-1.3:1.0
supports-statistics: yes
supports-test: no
supports-eeprom-access: no
supports-register-dump: no
supports-priv-flags: no
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