#android training# Graphics & Animation:Display Bitmaps Efficiently

最新推荐文章于 2017-03-24 18:45:04 发布

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本文介绍如何在Android应用中高效地加载和处理位图，避免内存溢出错误，保持UI响应性，并利用AsyncTask进行后台处理，确保流畅的用户体验。

#english# give your app an edge on the competition

These classed will help you create a beautiful visual experience.

Display Bitmaps Efficiently

keep UI components responsive

avoid exceeding application memory limit, otherwise, the dreaded exception:java.lang.OutofMemoryError:bitmap size exceeds VM budget.

1.Mobile devices typically have constrained system resources.

Android devices can have as little as 16MB memory available to a single application.

You can find the required minimum application memory for various screen size in CDD.

2.Bitmaps take a a lot of memory.

2592*1936pixels ARGB_8888-->4*2592*1936:19MB

3.Often require several bitmaps to be loaded at once.

ListView, GridView and ViewPager

Include multiple bitmaps on-screen at once with many more potentially off-screen ready to show at the flick of a finger.

Loading Large Bitmaps Efficiently

This lesson walks you through decoding large bitmaps without exceeding the memory limit by

loading a smaller subsampled version in memory.

BitmapFactory.decode*

BitmapFactory.Options

        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.drawable.page_play,options);
        int width = options.outWidth;
        int height = options.outHeight;
        String type = options.outMimeType;
        Log.d("~~~",""+width+":"+height+":"+type);

a full image or a subsampled one?

1.Estimated memory usage of loading the full image

2.Dimensions of the target ImageView or UI component

3.Screen size and density of the current device

4.Amount of memory you are willing to commit to loading this image given any other memory requirements of the application

inSampleSize

if inSapleSize ==4, the the resolution 2048*1536 and a bitmap configuration of ARGB_8888

the original memory needed is 4*2048*1536/1024/1024 = 12MB

but the subsampled resolution will be approximately 512*384, 0.75MB.

public static int calculateInSampleSize(
        BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHight
    ){
        final int height = options.outHeight;
        final int width = options.outWidth;
        int insampleSize = 1;
        if(height>reqHight || width>reqWidth){
            final int halfHeight = height/2;
            final int halfwidth = width/2;

            //Calculate the largest inSampleSize vaule that is a power of 2 and keeps
            //both height and width larger than the requested height and width.
            while ((halfHeight/insampleSize) >= reqHight &&
                    (halfwidth/insampleSize) >= reqWidth ){
                insampleSize *=2;
            }
        }
        return insampleSize;
    }

Processing Bitmaps Off the UI Thread

this lesson walks you through processing bitmaps in a background thread using AyncTask and shows you how to handle concurrency issues.

AsyncTask

The AsyncTask class provides an easy way to execute some work in a background thread and publish the results back on the UI thread.

AsyncTask比Handler更轻量级一些，适用于简单的异步处理。

可以直接继承AsyncTask，在类中实现异步操作，并提供反馈当前异步执行的程度。

要使用AsyncTask，需要提供三个泛型参数+重载方法。

三个泛型参数：Params, Progress and Result.

Params: 启动任务执行的输入参数，比如HTTP请求的URL;

Progress:后台任务执行的百分比；

Result:后台执行任务最终返回结果，比如String

至少要重写两个方法：