Spring中ContextLoaderListener作用

一般我们写SpringMVC时都会在web.xml中配置

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring/spring.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {

ContextLoaderListener继承自ContextLoader，实现的是ServletContextListener接口。

• 继承ContextLoader有什么作用？
  ContextLoaderListener可以指定在Web应用程序启动时载入Ioc容器，正是通过ContextLoader来实现的，可以说是Ioc容器的初始化工作。

• 实现ServletContextListener又有什么作用？
  ServletContextListener接口里的函数会结合Web容器的生命周期被调用。因为ServletContextListener是ServletContext的监听者，如果ServletContext发生变化，会触发相应的事件，而监听器一直对事件监听，如果接收到了变化，就会做出预先设计好的相应动作。由于ServletContext变化而触发的监听器的响应具体包括：在服务器启动时，ServletContext被创建的时候，服务器关闭时，ServletContext将被销毁的时候等，相当于web的生命周期创建与效果的过程。

• ContextLoaderListener的作用就是启动Web容器时，读取在contextConfigLocation中定义的xml文件，自动装配ApplicationContext的配置信息，并产生WebApplicationContext对象，然后将这个对象放置在ServletContext的属性里，这样我们只要得到Servlet就可以得到WebApplicationContext对象，并利用这个对象访问spring容器管理的bean。
  简单来说，就是上面这段配置为项目提供了spring支持，初始化了Ioc容器。

contextInitialized 方法

/**
初始化Web环境的上下文webApplicationCotext
	 * Initialize the root web application context.
	 */
	@Override
	public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
		initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
	}

spring在contextInitialized中进行spring容器的初始化。

initWebApplicationContext方法

	public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
	// application对象中存放了spring context，则抛出异常
	//String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
    // 其中ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
		if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
					"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
		}
		//日志
		servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
		Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
			// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
			if (this.context == null) {
			//这里去创建WebApplicationContext
			//private WebApplicationContext context;
			//createWebApplicationContext最后返回值被强制转换为ConfigurableWebApplicationContext类型
				this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
			}
			if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
			//类型强转org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->
						// determine parent for root web application context, if any.
						ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
						//parent=null
						cwac.setParent(parent);
					}
					//加载配置文件
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
				}
			}
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

			ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
			if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
				currentContext = this.context;
			}
			else if (ccl != null) {
				currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
			}

			if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
				long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
				logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext initialized in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
			}

			return this.context;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
			logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
			throw ex;
		}
	}

createWebApplicationContext

	protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
		Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
		if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
					"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
		}
		return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
	}

determineContextClass

	protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
	//判断是否配置了
	//public static final String CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM = "contextClass";
		String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
		if (contextClassName != null) {
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
		else {
		//使用默认策略
			contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
	}

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext方法加载配置文件

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
		if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
			// The application context id is still set to its original default value
			// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
			String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
			if (idParam != null) {
				wac.setId(idParam);
			}
			else {
				// Generate default id...
				wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
						ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
			}
		}

		wac.setServletContext(sc);
		//获取配置参数
		//	public static final String CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM = "contextConfigLocation";
		String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
		if (configLocationParam != null) {
		//设置属性
			wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
		}

		// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
		// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
		// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
		ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
		if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
			((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
		}

		customizeContext(sc, wac);
		//org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#refresh进入Spring Bean生命周期的方法
		wac.refresh();
	}

spring是管理逻辑层和数据访问层的依赖。而listener是web组件，那么必然不能放在spring里面。真正实例化它的应该是tomcat，在启动加载web.xml实例化的。上层的组件不可能被下层实例化得到。
因此，即使交给Spring实例化，它也没能力去帮你实例化。真正实现实例化的还是web容器。

refresh

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
			// Prepare this context for refreshing.
			prepareRefresh();

			// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

			// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
			prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

			try {
				// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
				invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Initialize message source for this context.
				initMessageSource();

				// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
				onRefresh();

				// Check for listener beans and register them.
				registerListeners();

				// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				// Last step: publish corresponding event.
				finishRefresh();
			}

创建Application完成后，会放入

//	String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);