扩展Azure VM OS disk(windows 和Linux)

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#azure-virtual-machin #azure-powershell #azure-disk

本文介绍了如何在Azure环境中扩展Windows和Linux虚拟机的OS磁盘。对于Windows，需要通过Azure PowerShell获取磁盘信息，并在RDP连接后在磁盘管理中扩展；而对于Linux，扩展过程包括使用Powershell进行操作以及根据不同的Linux发行版执行相应的磁盘扩展命令。

在Azure里面创建的虚拟机，windows的OS disk默认大小是127G， Linux的OS disk默认大小是30G。

有些情况下我们需要扩展OS 的磁盘，介绍下windows和Linux的扩展方法。

需要在电脑上安装Azure Powershell较新的版本，我使用的是V 3.7.0，当前最新的是4.1.0

扩展Windows虚拟机：

先获取OS disk的信息：

PS C:\Users\jason>$rg = "test"
PS C:\Users\jason>$vmname = "jasonwin"
PS C:\Users\jason>$vm = get-azurermvm -ResourceGroupName $rg -Name $vmname
PS C:\Users\jason>$vm = get-azurermvm -ResourceGroupName $rg -Name $vmname
PS C:\Users\jason>$vm.StorageProfile.OsDisk
OsType             : Windows
EncryptionSettings :
Name               : jasonwin
Vhd                : Microsoft.Azure.Management.Compute.Models.VirtualHardDisk
Image              :
Caching            : ReadWrite
CreateOption       : FromImage
DiskSizeGB         :

更新磁盘大小需要关闭（shutdown）虚拟机：

PS C:\Users\jason> stop-azurermvm -ResourceGroupName $rg -Name $vmname

Virtual machine stopping operation
This cmdlet will stop the specified virtual machine. Do you want to continue?
[Y] Yes  [N] No  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"): y


OperationId :
Status      : Succeeded
StartTime   : 6/22/2017 4:26:22 PM
EndTime     : 6/22/2017 4:28:23 PM
Error       :

更改磁盘大小：

PS C:\Users\jason>$vm.StorageProfile.OSDisk.DiskSizeGB = 1023
PS C:\Users\jason>Update-AzureRmVM -ResourceGroupName $rg -VM $vm

RequestId IsSuccessStatusCode StatusCode ReasonPhrase
--------- ------------------- ---------- ------------
                         True         OK OK

更新完成后启动虚拟机：

PS C:\Users\jason>Start-AzureRmVM -ResourceGroupName $rg -Name $vmname
OperationId :
Status      : Succeeded
StartTime   : 6/22/2017 4:32:56 PM
EndTime     : 6/22/2017 4:33:49 PM
Error       :

虚拟机启动以后，RDP到这台机器上，到磁盘管理里面将磁盘扩展到最大（1023G）,结果如下图：

下面介绍Linux的磁盘扩展方法(Powershell部分是相同，不同的是虚拟机内部操作）

PS C:\Users\jason> $rg = "test2"
PS C:\Users\jason> $vmname = "jasonlinux"
PS C:\Users\jason> $vm = Get-AzureRmVM -ResourceGroupName $rg -Name $vmname
PS C:\Users\jason> $vm.StorageProfile.OsDisk[0].DiskSizeGB = 1023
PS C:\Users\jason> Stop-AzureRmVM -ResourceGroupName $rg -Name $vmname
PS C:\Users\jason>$vm.StorageProfile.OsDisk[0].DiskSizeGB = 1023
PS C:\Users\jason>Update-AzureRmVM -ResourceGroupName $rg -VM $vm
PS C:\Users\jason>Start-AzureRmVM -ResourceGroupName $rg -Name $vmname

Virtual machine stopping operation
This cmdlet will stop the specified virtual machine. Do you want to continue?
[Y] Yes  [N] No  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "Y"): y


OperationId :
Status      : Succeeded
StartTime   : 6/22/2017 4:58:55 PM
EndTime     : 6/22/2017 5:01:07 PM
Error       :

[root@jasonlinux ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 75.2 GB, 75161927680 bytes, 146800640 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x643bf3c8

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   146798591    73398272   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 1098.4 GB, 1098437885952 bytes, 2145386496 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bd020

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048    62914559    30944256   83  Linux

[root@jasonlinux ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
[root@jasonlinux ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): u
Changing display/entry units to cylinders (DEPRECATED!).

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Partition 2 is deleted

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 1098.4 GB, 1098437885952 bytes, 2145386496 sectors
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bd020

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First cylinder (64-133544, default 64): 
Using default value 64
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (64-133544, default 133544): 
Using default value 133544
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1022.5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2    

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 1098.4 GB, 1098437885952 bytes, 2145386496 sectors
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bd020

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2   *          64      133544  1072179156   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.