UNIX环境C语言编程(14)-sockets

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本文详细介绍了Socket编程的基础知识，包括socket描述符的创建、寻址、连接建立、数据传输及socket选项设置等内容，并通过一个简单的客户端和服务端通信示例来演示带外数据的使用。

1、socket描述符

•#include <sys/socket.h>

•int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol); # 创建一个socket

•参数domain，取值：

•AF_INET、AF_INET6、AF_UNIX（本机使用，高级IPC部分讲解）

•参数type，取值：SOCK_DGRAM、SOCK_STREAM、SOCK_RAW

•SOCK_DGRAM类似于信件； SOCK_STREAM类似于电话

•socket描述符类似于文件描述符，大多操作文件描述符的函数可以操作socket描述符

•如：read、write、close、dup、select、poll

•int shutdown (int sockfd, int how); # 禁止IO

•参数how的取值：SHUT_RD、SHUT_WR、SHUT_RDWR

2、寻址

•1、字节序

•uint32_t htonl(uint32_t hostint32); uint16_t htons(uint16_t hostint16);

•uint32_t ntohl(uint32_t netint32); uint16_t ntohs(uint16_t netint16);

•2、地址格式

•structin_addr {

• in_addr_t s_addr;} /* IPv4 address */

•structsockaddr_in {

• sa_family_t sin_family; /* address family */

• in_port_t sin_port; /* port number */

• structin_addr sin_addr;} /* IPv4 address */

•3、为socket绑定地址

•int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len);

•int getsockname(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict alenp); # 获取socket地址信息

•int getpeername(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict alenp); # 获取对端地址信息

3、建立socket连接

•对于SOCK_STREAM类型，需要首先建立连接

•int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t len);

•服务器必须首先建立侦听队列

•int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);

•接受客户端连接请求

•int accept(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict len);

4、数据传输

•ssize_t send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, int flags);

•ssize_t sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, int flags, const struct sockaddr *destaddr, socklen_t destlen);

•ssize_t sendmsg(int sockfd, const struct msghdr *msg, int flags);

•ssize_t recv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, int flags);

•ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, void *restrict buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *restrict addr, socklen_t *restrict addrlen);

•ssize_t recvmsg(int sockfd, struct msghdr *msg, int flags);

5、socket选项

•int setsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int option, const void *val, socklen_t len);

•int getsockopt(int sockfd, int level, int option, void *restrict val, socklen_t *restrict lenp);

•常见选项：

•SO_ERROR Return and clear pending socket error (getsockopt only).

•SO_REUSEADDR Reuse addresses in bind if *val is nonzero.

6、带外数据

•out-of-band数据，紧急数据，只能是单个字节

•一个socket通信实际例子，包括客户端、服务端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

int main(void)
{
    int s;
    struct sockaddr_in sin;

    if( (s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0 )
    {
        perror("client:socket");
        exit(1);
    }

    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(1234);
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

    if( connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0 )
    {
        perror("client:connect");
        exit(1);
    }

    send(s, "a", 1, 0);
    send(s, "1", 1, MSG_OOB);    // 发送带外数据
    send(s, "b", 1, 0);

    close(s);
    exit(0);
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

int  s, ns, fromlen;

void urg(int sig)
{
    char b[64] = {0};

    printf("sig catch %d\n", sig);
    recv(ns, b, sizeof(b) - 1, MSG_OOB);
    printf("OOB [%s]\n", b);
}

int main(void)
{
    char b[64];
    struct sockaddr_in sin, fsin;

    signal(SIGURG, urg);

    if( (s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0 )
    {
        perror("server:socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_port = htons(1234);
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

    if( bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0 )
    {
        perror("server:bind");
        exit(1);
    }
    if( listen(s, 5) < 0 )
    {
        perror("server:listen");
        exit(1);
    }

    fromlen = sizeof(fsin);
    if( (ns = accept(s, (struct sockaddr *)&fsin, &fromlen)) < 0 )
    {
        perror("server:accept");
        exit(1);
    }

    fcntl(ns, F_SETOWN, getpid());

    memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
    recv(ns, b, sizeof(b) - 1, 0);
    printf("[%s]\n", b);

    memset(b, 0, sizeof(b));
    recv(ns, b, sizeof(b) - 1, 0);
    printf("[%s]\n", b);

    close(ns);
    close(s);
    exit(0);
}

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#c语言 #unix #linux #socket #编程