【URP】Unity[RendererFeatures]渲染对象RenderObjects

RenderObjects的定义与作用

RenderObjects是URP提供的RendererFeature之一，允许开发者在不编写代码的情况下对渲染管线进行定制。它通过配置参数实现选择性渲染特定层级的物体、控制渲染顺序、重载材质或渲染状态等功能57。其核心用途包括：

• ‌层级过滤‌：仅渲染指定LayerMask的物体
• ‌渲染时机控制‌：通过Event参数插入到渲染管线的不同阶段（如AfterRenderingOpaques）
• ‌材质替换‌：使用Override Material覆盖原有材质
• ‌多Pass渲染‌：配合Shader的LightMode标签实现描边等效果

发展历史

• 初始版本（2020年前）作为LWRP实验性功能引入
• 2020年URP 7.x版本正式集成，提供基础层过滤和材质替换
• 2021年后增强深度/模板控制，支持透明物体处理
• 2022年优化API结构，明确ScriptableRendererFeature与RenderPass的分离

原理

底层原理

• ‌架构层级‌

  RenderObjects通过继承ScriptableRendererFeature和ScriptableRenderPass实现管线扩展，核心逻辑在Execute()方法中通过CommandBuffer提交绘制指令。其本质是通过URP的ScriptableRenderContext调度GPU渲染命令，与内置管线不同之处在于采用可编程的轻量级渲染管线架构。

• ‌渲染流程控制‌

  通过RenderPassEvent枚举插入到URP的固定管线阶段（如AfterRenderingOpaques），底层会触发以下操作：

  • 调用ConfigureTarget()设置渲染目标
  • 使用FilteringSettings过滤指定Layer的物体
  • 通过DrawingSettings配置Shader Pass和排序规则

• ‌材质替换机制‌

  当启用Override Material时，URP会临时替换原始材质的Shader，但保留物体的顶点数据。该过程通过MaterialPropertyBlock实现动态参数传递，避免材质实例化开销。

实现示例

• OutlineFeature.cs

  using UnityEngine; using UnityEngine.Rendering; using UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal; public class OutlineFeature : ScriptableRendererFeature { class OutlinePass : ScriptableRenderPass { private Material _outlineMat; private LayerMask _layerMask; private FilteringSettings _filteringSettings; public OutlinePass(Material mat, LayerMask mask) { _outlineMat = mat; _layerMask = mask; _filteringSettings = new FilteringSettings(RenderQueueRange.opaque, _layerMask); renderPassEvent = RenderPassEvent.AfterRenderingOpaques; } public override void Execute(ScriptableRenderContext context, ref RenderingData data) { var drawingSettings = CreateDrawingSettings( new ShaderTagId("UniversalForward"), ref data, SortingCriteria.CommonOpaque ); drawingSettings.overrideMaterial = _outlineMat; context.DrawRenderers(data.cullResults, ref drawingSettings, ref _filteringSettings); } } [SerializeField] private Material _outlineMaterial; [SerializeField] private LayerMask _outlineLayers = 1; private OutlinePass _pass; public override void Create() => _pass = new OutlinePass(_outlineMaterial, _outlineLayers); public override void AddRenderPasses(ScriptableRenderer renderer, ref RenderingData data) => renderer.EnqueuePass(_pass); }

• Outline.shader

  Shader "Custom/Outline" { Properties { _OutlineColor("Color", Color) = (1,0,0,1) _OutlineWidth("Width", Range(0,0.1)) = 0.03 } SubShader { Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "Queue"="Geometry+100" } Pass { Cull Front ZWrite Off CGPROGRAM #pragma vertex vert #pragma fragment frag #include "UnityCG.cginc" float _OutlineWidth; fixed4 _OutlineColor; struct appdata { float4 vertex : POSITION; float3 normal : NORMAL; }; v2f vert(appdata v) { v2f o; v.vertex.xyz += v.normal * _OutlineWidth; o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex); return o; } fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target { return _OutlineColor; } ENDCG } } }

关键流程解析

• ‌渲染指令提交‌

  DrawRenderers方法内部会构建BatchRendererGroup，将CPU侧的渲染数据批量提交至GPU，相比直接使用CommandBuffer更高效。

• ‌深度测试控制‌

  示例中ZWrite Off禁用深度写入，使描边始终显示在原始物体表面，该技术也常用于解决透明物体渲染顺序问题。

• ‌多Pass协作‌

  URP会先执行默认的Forward渲染Pass，再执行RenderObjects插入的Pass，通过RenderPassEvent控制执行顺序

完整实现流程示例

• OutlineFeature.cs

  using UnityEngine; using UnityEngine.Rendering; using UnityEngine.Rendering.Universal; public class OutlineFeature : ScriptableRendererFeature { class OutlinePass : ScriptableRenderPass { private Material outlineMat; private LayerMask layerMask; private RenderTargetIdentifier source; public OutlinePass(Material mat, LayerMask mask) { outlineMat = mat; layerMask = mask; renderPassEvent = RenderPassEvent.AfterRenderingOpaques; } public override void Execute(ScriptableRenderContext context, ref RenderingData data) { CommandBuffer cmd = CommandBufferPool.Get("OutlinePass"); var drawSettings = CreateDrawingSettings( new ShaderTagId("UniversalForward"), ref data, SortingCriteria.CommonOpaque); var filterSettings = new FilteringSettings(RenderQueueRange.opaque, layerMask); context.DrawRenderers(data.cullResults, ref drawSettings, ref filterSettings); CommandBufferPool.Release(cmd); } } [SerializeField] private Material outlineMaterial; [SerializeField] private LayerMask outlineLayers; private OutlinePass pass; public override void Create() { pass = new OutlinePass(outlineMaterial, outlineLayers); } public override void AddRenderPasses(ScriptableRenderer renderer, ref RenderingData data) { renderer.EnqueuePass(pass); } }

• Outline.shader

  Shader "Custom/Outline" { Properties { _OutlineColor("Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1) _OutlineWidth("Width", Range(0,0.1)) = 0.05 } SubShader { Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" "LightMode"="UniversalForward" } Pass { CGPROGRAM // Vertex expansion logic... ENDCG } } }

参数详解与用例

配置步骤

• 创建URP Asset并启用Renderer Features
• 添加RenderObjects Feature到Forward Renderer
• 配置Event为AfterRenderingOpaques（不透明物体）或AfterRenderingTransparents（透明物体）
• 指定目标Layer和替换材质
• 调整Depth/Stencil参数解决遮挡问题

典型应用包括：角色描边、场景分块渲染、特殊效果叠加（如受伤高亮）等。通过组合不同Event和LayerMask可实现复杂的渲染管线控制