C++-14-IO流类库

输入输出流（I/O stream）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class cincout
{
public:
    cincout(int a = 0, int b = 0)
    {
        c1 = a;
        c2 = b;
    }
    void showc1c2(void)
    {
        cout << "c1=" << c1 << '\t' << "c2=" << c2 << endl;
    }
    friend istream& operator>>(istream&,cincout&);//在类中原型说明，创建一个友元函数,重载cincout类对象的>>输入运算符.

private:
    int c1, c2;
};
istream& operator>>(istream& is, cincout& cc)//类外定义函数
{
    is >> cc.c1 >> cc.c2;//重新定义输入流
    return is;//返回输入流
}
int main()
{
    cincout o1, o2;
    o1.showc1c2();
    o2.showc1c2();

    cin >> o1;//从键盘输入
    cin >> o2;
    o1.showc1c2();
    o2.showc1c2();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class incout
{
public:
    incout(int a = 0, int b = 0)
    {
        c1 = a;
        c2 = b;
    }
    void show(void)
    {
        cout << "c1=" << c1 << '\t' << "c2=" << c2 << endl;
    }
    friend istream& operator>>(istream&, incout&);//在类中原型说明，创建一个友元函数,重载cincout类对象的>>输入（提取）运算符.
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, incout&);//重载cincout类对象的<<输出(插入)运算符.
private:
    int c1, c2;
};
istream& operator>>(istream& is, incout& cc)//类外定义函数
{
    is >> cc.c1 >> cc.c2;//重新定义输入流
    return is;//返回输入流
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, incout& cc)
{
    os << "c1=" << cc.c1 << '\t' << "c2=" << cc.c2 << endl;
    return os;
}
int main()
{
    incout obj1, obj2;
    cout << obj1 << obj2 << endl;//调用输出函数
    cin >> obj1;
    cin >> obj2;
    cout << obj1 << obj2;
 
    return 0;
}

文件流

C++标准库提供了3各类用于实现文件操作，统称为文件流类
ifstream：专门用于从文件读取数据
ofstream：专门用于向文件写入数据
fstream：既可以从文件读取数据，又可用于向文件写入数据

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    const char* str = "http://www.163.com";
    fstream fs;//创建一个fstream类的对象
    fs.open("demo.text", ios::out);//将demo.text文件和fs文件流建立关联
    fs.write(str, 100);
    fs.close();

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    //ifstream infile;
    //infile.open(".\\demo.txt", ios::in);
    //if (infile)//条件成立，说明文件打开成功
    //{
    //    cout << "\ndemo.txt文件打开成功." << endl;
    //    infile.close();
    //}
    //else
    //{
    //    cout << "\ndemo.txt文件打开失败." << endl;
    //    return 1;
    //}

    //ofstream outfile;
    //outfile.open(".\\outdemo.text", ios::out);
    //if (outfile)//条件成立，说明文件打开成功
    //{
    //    cout << "\noutdemo.txt文件打开成功." << endl;
    //    outfile.close();
    //}
    //else
    //{
    //    cout << "\noutdemo.txt文件打开失败." << endl;
    //}
    fstream iofile;
    iofile.open(".\\iodemo.text", ios::in|ios::out|ios::trunc);
    if (iofile)//条件成立，说明文件打开成功
    {
        cout << "\niodemo.txt文件打开成功." << endl;
        iofile.close();
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "\niodemo.txt文件打开失败." << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
class student
{
public:
    int no;
    char name[10];
    int age;
};
int main()
{
    student stu;
    ofstream outfile("student.dat", ios::out | ios::binary);
    if (!outfile)
    {
        cout << "\n打开文件student.dat失败" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "\n打开文件student.dat成功" << endl;
    }
    while (cin >> stu.no >> stu.name >> stu.age)//从键盘输入
        outfile.write((char*)&stu, sizeof(stu));
    outfile.close();

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
class student
{
public:
    int no;
    char name[10];
    int age;
};
int main()
{
    student stu;
    ifstream infile("student.dat", ios::in | ios::binary);//以二进制方式打开文件
    if (!infile)
    {
        cout << "\n打开文件student.dat失败" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "\n打开文件student.dat成功" << endl;
    }
    while (infile.read((char*)&stu, sizeof(stu)))
    {
        cout << stu.no << "," << stu.name << "," << stu.age << endl;
    }
    infile.close();

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    char ch;
    ofstream outfile("outdemo.txt", ios::out | ios::binary);
    if (!outfile)
    {
        cout << "\noutdemo.txt文件打开失败." << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    else
        cout<< "\noutdemo.txt文件打开成功." << endl;
    while (cin >> ch)
    {
        outfile.put(ch);
    }
    outfile.close();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    char ch;
    ifstream infile("outdemo.txt", ios::out | ios::binary);
    if (!infile)
    {
        cout << "\noutdemo.txt文件打开失败." << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    else
        cout << "\noutdemo.txt文件打开成功." << endl;
    while ((ch = infile.get()) && ch != EOF)
    {
        cout << ch;
    }
    
    infile.close();
    return 0;
}

//文件指针
//随机读取二进制文件
//infile.seekg(int);//将文件指针移动到由参数指定的字节处
//infile.seekg(100);//将文件指针移动到距离文件头100个字节处
//infile.seekg(int,ios::_dir);
//_dir
//beg:文件头
//cur：当前位置
//end:文件尾
//infile.seekg(100,ios::beg);移动到距文件头100个字节
//infile.seekg(-100,ios::cur);移动到距当前位置前100个字节
//infile.seekg(-500,ios::end);移动到距文件尾前500个字节