LeetCode OJ 240. Search a 2D Matrix II
Description
Write an efficient algorithm that searches for a value in an m x n matrix. This matrix has the following properties:
Integers in each row are sorted in ascending from left to right.
Integers in each column are sorted in ascending from top to bottom.
For example,
Consider the following matrix:
[
[1, 4, 7, 11, 15],
[2, 5, 8, 12, 19],
[3, 6, 9, 16, 22],
[10, 13, 14, 17, 24],
[18, 21, 23, 26, 30]
]
Given target = 5, return true.
Given target = 20, return false.
方法一:Binary Search
每一行采用二分查找(Binary Search)的方法。对于nxn的矩阵来说,每一行时间复杂度为O(logn),一共n行,总时间复杂度是O(nlogn)。
代码
class Solution {
public:
bool searchMatrix(vector<vector<int>>& matrix, int target) {
int m = matrix.size(), n = matrix[0].size();
if(m == 0 || n == 0) return false;
int low, high, mid;
for(int i = 0; i < m; i++){
low = 0; high = n - 1;
while(low <= high){
mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
if(target == matrix[i][mid])
return true;
else if(target > matrix[i][mid])
low = mid + 1;
else
high = mid - 1;
}
}
return false;
}
};
方法二:Divide and Conquer
因为矩阵中的数每一行每一列都是非递减序列,所以,我们可以采用分治的思想,从右上角开始,每次去除一行或者一列,不断缩小范围。eg.
题目给出的例子矩阵,
[
[1, 4, 7, 11, 15],
[2, 5, 8, 12, 19],
[3, 6, 9, 16, 22],
[10, 13, 14, 17, 24],
[18, 21, 23, 26, 30]
]
假设我们查找的数为8,那么从右上角15判断起,8小于15和11,每一行每一列都是非递减序列,所以肯定不在这两列。此时,我们查找范围变成:
[
[1, 4, 7],
[2, 5, 8],
[3, 6, 9],
[10, 13, 14],
[18, 21, 23]
]
又8大于7,所以8不在7所在的行,此时,范围变为:
[
[2, 5, 8],
[3, 6, 9],
[10, 13, 14],
[18, 21, 23]
]
右上角是8,则返回true。
如果查找的下标i,j超出了矩阵范围,则表示不存在这个数,返回false。
算法最坏的情况是从矩阵右上角每次向左或向下遍历一个元素,最后到左下角,因此算法时间复杂度为O(n)。
代码
class Solution {
public:
bool searchMatrix(vector<vector<int>>& matrix, int target) {
int m = matrix.size(), n = matrix[0].size();
if(m == 0 || n == 0) return false;
int i = 0, j = n - 1;
while(i < m && j >= 0){
if(target == matrix[i][j])
return true;
else if(target > matrix[i][j])
i ++;
else
j --;
}
return false;
}
};

本文介绍了解决LeetCode 240题目的两种方法:二分查找法和分治法。二分查找法适用于每一行进行搜索,总时间复杂度为O(nlogn)。而分治法利用矩阵特性,从右上角开始缩小搜索范围,时间复杂度为O(n)。

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