深度学习训练camp-第R6周:LSTM实现糖尿病探索与预测

一、数据预处理

1、设置GPU

import torch.nn as nn  
import torch.nn.functional as F  
import torchvision, torch  

# 设置硬件设备,如果有GPU则使用,没有则使用cpu  
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")  
device 

代码输出:

device(type='cuda')

2、数据导入

import numpy             as np  
import pandas            as pd  
import seaborn           as sns  
from sklearn.model_selection   import train_test_split  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
plt.rcParams['savefig.dpi'] = 500 # 图片像素  
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']  = 500 # 分辨率  

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 用来正常显示中文标签  

import warnings   
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")  

DataFrame = pd.read_excel('./data/dia.xls')  
DataFrame.head()

代码输出:
在这里插入图片描述

DataFrame.shape

代码输出:

(1006, 16)

3、数据检查

# 查看数据是否有缺失值  
print('数据缺失值---------------------------------')  
print(DataFrame.isnull().sum())

代码输出:

数据缺失值---------------------------------
卡号            0
性别            0
年龄            0
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇     0
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇     0
极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇    0
甘油三酯          0
总胆固醇          0
脉搏            0
舒张压           0
高血压史          0
尿素氮           0
尿酸            0
肌酐            0
体重检查结果        0
是否糖尿病         0
dtype: int64

# 查看数据是否有重复值  
print('数据重复值---------------------------------')  
print('数据集的重复值为:' f'{DataFrame.duplicated().sum()}')  

代码输出:

数据重复值---------------------------------
数据集的重复值为:0

4、数据分布

feature_map = {  
    '年龄': '年龄',  
    '高密度脂蛋白胆固醇': '高密度脂蛋白胆固醇',  
    '低密度脂蛋白胆固醇': '低密度脂蛋白胆固醇',  
    '极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇': '极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇',  
    '甘油三酯': '甘油三酯',  
    '总胆固醇': '总胆固醇',  
    '脉搏': '脉搏',  
    '舒张压': '舒张压',  
    '高血压史': '高血压史',  
    '尿素氮': '尿素氮',  
    '尿酸': '尿酸',  
    '肌酐': '肌酐',  
    '体重检查结果': '体重检查结果'  
}  
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 10))  

for i, (col, col_name) in enumerate(feature_map.items(), 1):  
    plt.subplot(3, 5, i)  
    sns.boxplot(x=DataFrame['是否糖尿病'], y=DataFrame[col])  
    plt.title(f'{col_name}的箱线图', fontsize=14)  
    plt.ylabel('数值', fontsize=12)  
    plt.grid(axis='y', linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)  

plt.tight_layout()  
plt.show()  

代码输出:
<Figure size 7500x5000 with 13 Axes>

二、LSTM模型

1、数据集构建

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler  

# '高密度脂蛋白胆固醇'字段与糖尿病负相关,故而在 X 中去掉该字段  
X = DataFrame.drop(['卡号', '是否糖尿病', '高密度脂蛋白胆固醇'], axis=1)  
y = DataFrame['是否糖尿病']  

# sc_X    = StandardScaler()  
# X = sc_X.fit_transform(X)  

X = torch.tensor(np.array(X), dtype=torch.float32)  
y = torch.tensor(np.array(y), dtype=torch.int64)  

train_X, test_X, train_y, test_y = train_test_split(X, y,   
                                                    test_size=0.2,  
                                                    random_state=1)  
train_X.shape, train_y.shape

代码输出:

(torch.Size([804, 13]), torch.Size([804]))
from torch.utils.data import TensorDataset, DataLoader  

train_dl = DataLoader(TensorDataset(train_X, train_y),  
                      batch_size=64,   
                      shuffle=True)  

test_dl  = DataLoader(TensorDataset(test_X, test_y),  
                      batch_size=64,   
                      shuffle=False) 

定义模型

class model_lstm(nn.Module):  
    def __init__(self):  
        super(model_lstm, self).__init__()  
        self.lstm0 = nn.LSTM(input_size=13, hidden_size=200,   
                             num_layers=1, batch_first=True)  
        
        self.lstm1 = nn.LSTM(input_size=200, hidden_size=200,   
                             num_layers=1, batch_first=True)  
        self.fc0 = nn.Linear(200, 2)  
   
    def forward(self, x):  
        out, hidden1 = self.lstm0(x)   
        out, _ = self.lstm1(out, hidden1)   
        out = self.fc0(out)   
        return out   

model = model_lstm().to(device)  
model

代码输出:

model_lstm(
  (lstm0): LSTM(13, 200, batch_first=True)
  (lstm1): LSTM(200, 200, batch_first=True)
  (fc0): Linear(in_features=200, out_features=2, bias=True)
)

三、训练模型

# 训练循环  
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):  
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小  
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目, (size/batch_size,向上取整)  

    train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率  
    
    for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签  
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)  
        
        # 计算预测误差  
        pred = model(X)          # 网络输出  
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距,targets为真实值,计算二者差值即为损失  
        
        # 反向传播  
        optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零  
        loss.backward()        # 反向传播  
        optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新  
        
        # 记录acc与loss  
        train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()  
        train_loss += loss.item()  
            
    train_acc  /= size  
    train_loss /= num_batches  

    return train_acc, train_loss

def test(dataloader, model, loss_fn):  
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小  
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目, (size/batch_size,向上取整)  
    test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0  
    
    # 当不进行训练时,停止梯度更新,节省计算内存消耗  
    with torch.no_grad():  
        for imgs, target in dataloader:  
            imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)  
            
            # 计算loss  
            target_pred = model(imgs)  
            loss = loss_fn(target_pred, target)  
            
            test_loss += loss.item()  
            test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()  

    test_acc /= size  
    test_loss /= num_batches  

    return test_acc, test_loss

loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()  # 创建损失函数  
learn_rate = 1e-4   # 学习率  
opt = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learn_rate)  
epochs = 30  

train_loss = []  
train_acc = []  
test_loss = []  
test_acc = []  

for epoch in range(epochs):  
    model.train()  
    epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)  

    model.eval()  
    epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)  

    train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)  
    train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)  
    test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)  
    test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)  
    
    # 获取当前的学习率  
    lr = opt.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']  
    
    template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')  
    print(template.format(epoch + 1, epoch_train_acc * 100, epoch_train_loss,   
                          epoch_test_acc * 100, epoch_test_loss, lr))  
    
print("=" * 20, 'Done', "=" * 20)

代码输出:

Epoch: 1, Train_acc:55.6%, Train_loss:0.690, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.707, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.684, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.702, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.683, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.701, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.685, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.703, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.680, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.701, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.680, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.699, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.680, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.698, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.680, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.687, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.676, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.701, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:10, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.673, Test_acc:53.0%, Test_loss:0.688, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:11, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.670, Test_acc:53.5%, Test_loss:0.680, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:12, Train_acc:57.0%, Train_loss:0.664, Test_acc:53.5%, Test_loss:0.683, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:13, Train_acc:56.2%, Train_loss:0.664, Test_acc:55.4%, Test_loss:0.670, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:14, Train_acc:58.2%, Train_loss:0.652, Test_acc:55.4%, Test_loss:0.669, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:15, Train_acc:59.2%, Train_loss:0.646, Test_acc:57.9%, Test_loss:0.665, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:16, Train_acc:58.2%, Train_loss:0.645, Test_acc:59.4%, Test_loss:0.659, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:17, Train_acc:61.1%, Train_loss:0.636, Test_acc:60.9%, Test_loss:0.646, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:18, Train_acc:68.0%, Train_loss:0.626, Test_acc:61.4%, Test_loss:0.648, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:19, Train_acc:61.3%, Train_loss:0.618, Test_acc:63.9%, Test_loss:0.632, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:20, Train_acc:66.7%, Train_loss:0.613, Test_acc:58.4%, Test_loss:0.648, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:21, Train_acc:66.7%, Train_loss:0.595, Test_acc:67.8%, Test_loss:0.611, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:22, Train_acc:67.5%, Train_loss:0.592, Test_acc:66.8%, Test_loss:0.612, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:23, Train_acc:68.7%, Train_loss:0.581, Test_acc:65.8%, Test_loss:0.604, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:24, Train_acc:71.4%, Train_loss:0.566, Test_acc:61.9%, Test_loss:0.629, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:25, Train_acc:69.5%, Train_loss:0.565, Test_acc:63.4%, Test_loss:0.610, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:26, Train_acc:69.8%, Train_loss:0.552, Test_acc:67.8%, Test_loss:0.589, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:27, Train_acc:70.9%, Train_loss:0.550, Test_acc:68.8%, Test_loss:0.584, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:28, Train_acc:72.9%, Train_loss:0.537, Test_acc:69.8%, Test_loss:0.573, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:29, Train_acc:71.5%, Train_loss:0.531, Test_acc:68.3%, Test_loss:0.584, Lr:1.00E-04
Epoch:30, Train_acc:74.4%, Train_loss:0.525, Test_acc:68.8%, Test_loss:0.592, Lr:1.00E-04
==================== Done ====================

四、数据可视化

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
# 隐藏警告  
import warnings  
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               # 忽略警告信息  
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签  
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号  
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        # 分辨率  

from datetime import datetime  
current_time = datetime.now()  # 获取当前时间  

epochs_range = range(epochs)  

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))  
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)  

plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')  
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')  
plt.legend(loc='lower right')  
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')  
plt.xlabel(current_time)  # 打卡请带上时间戳,否则代码截图无效  

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)  
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')  
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')  
plt.legend(loc='upper right')  
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')  
plt.show()  

代码输出:
在这里插入图片描述
可以看到准确度超过70%

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