initializer element is not constant

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-08 13:36:54 发布

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C/C++

本文探讨了C语言中全局变量及静态变量的初始化问题，并基于C99标准详细解释了为何这些变量的初始化表达式必须为常量表达式。同时对比了C++语言中的不同之处。

C语言

#include<malloc.h>
int a = 1;
int b,c;
b = 1;
c = a;
char *ch = (char * ) malloc (10);
int main(void)
{
	return 0;
}

root@liujie-desktop:/software# gcc yan.c
yan.c:4: warning: data definition has no type or storage class
yan.c:5: warning: data definition has no type or storage class
yan.c:5: error: initializer element is not constant
yan.c:6: error: initializer element is not constant

全局变量(external variable)和静态变量 (static variable)的初始化式必须为常量表达式。

c99标准描述如下：
C99标准 6.7.8 Initialization 第4款：
4 All the expressions in an initializer for an object that has static storage duration shall be constant expressions or string literals.
关于 static storage duration:
C99 6.2.4 Storage durations of objects 第3款：
3 An object whose identifier is declared with external or internal linkage, or with the
storage-class specifier static has static storage duration. Its lifetime is the entire
execution of the program and its stored value is initialized only once, prior to program startup.

问题：全局变量c的值不能在编译时确定，要在执行是确定

C++语言

#include<malloc.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int a = 1;
int b,c;
c = a;
b = 2;
char *ch = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*10);
int main(void)
{	
	printf("ch = %p\n",ch);
	return 0;
}
root@liujie-desktop:/software# g++ yan.cpp
yan.cpp:5: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘=’ token
yan.cpp:6: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before ‘=’ token