博客内容描述了如何在i386 32位环境中配置和构建BusyBox，包括设置CFLAGS、CXXFLAGS和LDFLAGS，运行'make menuconfig'，进行静态链接，并执行'make install'将BusyBox安装到根文件系统中。此外，还展示了QEMU模拟器启动内核和BusyBox根文件系统的流程。
### for i386 32bit build
[lake@localhost busybox-1.33.0]$ CFLAGS=-m32 CXXFLAGS=-m32 LDFLAGS=-m32 make defconfig
[lake@localhost busybox-1.33.0]$ CFLAGS=-m32 CXXFLAGS=-m32 LDFLAGS=-m32 make menuconfig ---> Static link busybox
scripts/kconfig/mconf Config.in
#
# using defaults found in .config
#
*** End of configuration.
*** Execute 'make' to build the project or try 'make help'.
[lake@localhost busybox-1.33.0]$
[lake@localhost busybox-1.33.0]$ CFLAGS=-m32 CXXFLAGS=-m32 LDFLAGS=-m32 make -j32
...............
AR shell/lib.a
AR libbb/lib.a
LINK busybox_unstripped
Static linking against glibc, can't use --gc-sections
Trying libraries: crypt m resolv rt
Library crypt is not needed, excluding it
Library m is needed, can't exclude it (yet)
Library resolv is needed, can't exclude it (yet)
Library rt is not needed, excluding it
Library m is needed, can't exclude it (yet)
Library resolv is needed, can't exclude it (yet)
Final link with: m resolv
[lake@localhost busybox-1.33.0]$ CFLAGS=-m32 CXXFLAGS=-m32 LDFLAGS=-m32 make install
./_install//bin/arch -> busybox
............
./_install//usr/sbin/ubiupdatevol -> ../../bin/busybox
./_install//usr/sbin/udhcpd -> ../../bin/busybox
--------------------------------------------------
You will probably need to make your busybox binary
setuid root to ensure all configured applets will
work properly.
--------------------------------------------------
[lake@localhost busybox-1.33.0]$ cd _install/
[lake@localhost _install]$ ls
bin linuxrc sbin usr
[lake@localhost _install]$ ls -l
total 12
drwxrwxr-x 2 lake sys 4096 Oct 27 08:51 bin
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lake sys 11 Oct 27 08:51 linuxrc -> bin/busybox
drwxrwxr-x 2 lake sys 4096 Oct 27 08:51 sbin
drwxrwxr-x 4 lake sys 4096 Oct 27 08:51 usr
[lake@localhost _install]$ mkdir -p bin sbin etc proc sys usr/bin usr/sbin
[lake@localhost _install]$ ls
bin etc linuxrc proc sbin sys usr
[lake@localhost _install]$ cat >^Cetc/init
[lake@localhost _install]$ ls -l
total 24
drwxrwxr-x 2 lake sys 4096 Oct 27 08:51 bin
drwxrwxr-x 2 lake sys 4096 Oct 27 08:52 etc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 lake sys 11 Oct 27 08:51 linuxrc -> bin/busybox
drwxrwxr-x 2 lake sys 4096 Oct 27 08:52 proc
drwxrwxr-x 2 lake sys 4096 Oct 27 08:51 sbin
drwxrwxr-x 2 lake sys 4096 Oct 27 08:52 sys
drwxrwxr-x 4 lake sys 4096 Oct 27 08:51 usr
[lake@localhost _install]$ cat > init
#!/bin/sh
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
/bin/mount -t devtmpfs devtmpfs /dev
echo -e "\nBoot took $(cut -d' ' -f1 /proc/uptime) seconds\n"
exec /bin/sh #### better to /etc/inittab /sbin/getty -n -l /bin/sh 115200 ttyS0 vt100
[lake@localhost _install]$ chmod u+x init
[lake@localhost _install]$
[lake@localhost _install]$ find . -print0 | cpio --null -ov --format=newc | gzip -9 > ../../rootfs-kernel4.4x-busybox1.33-x86.cpio.gz
.
./etc
./proc
./linuxrc
./init
.............
./usr/sbin/popmaildir
./usr/sbin/tftpd
4275 blocks
[lake@localhost _install]$
[lake@localhost lfs]$ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel ./linux-stable/arch/x86/boot/bzImage -initrd ./rootfs-kernel4.4x-busybox1.33-x86.cpio.gz -nographic -append "console=ttyS0"
SeaBIOS (version rel-1.13.0-0-gf21b5a4aeb02-prebuilt.qemu.org)
iPXE (http://ipxe.org) 00:03.0 CA00 PCI2.10 PnP PMM+07F90770+07EF0770 CA00
Booting from ROM...
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.4.230+ (lake@localhost) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) ) #6 1
[ 0.000000] x86/fpu: Legacy x87 FPU detected.
[ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000007fdffff] usable
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000007fe0000-0x0000000007ffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fffc0000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved
[ 0.000000] Notice: NX (Execute Disable) protection cannot be enabled: non-PAE kernel!
[ 0.000000] SMBIOS 2.8 present.
[ 0.000000] e820: last_pfn = 0x7fe0 max_arch_pfn = 0x100000
[ 0.000000] x86/PAT: Configuration [0-7]: WB WC UC- UC WB WC UC- WT
[ 0.000000] found SMP MP-table at [mem 0x000f5ab0-0x000f5abf] mapped at [c00f5ab0]
[ 0.000000] Scanning 1 areas for low memory corruption
[ 0.000000] RAMDISK: [mem 0x07ecd000-0x07fdffff]
[ 0.000000] ACPI: Early table checksum verification disabled
[ 0.000000] ACPI: RSDP 0x00000000000F58D0 000014 (v00 BOCHS )
[ 0.000000] ACPI: RSDT 0x0000000007FE156F 000030 (v01 BOCHS BXPCRSDT 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: FACP 0x0000000007FE144B 000074 (v01 BOCHS BXPCFACP 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: DSDT 0x0000000007FE0040 00140B (v01 BOCHS BXPCDSDT 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: FACS 0x0000000007FE0000 000040
[ 0.000000] ACPI: APIC 0x0000000007FE14BF 000078 (v01 BOCHS BXPCAPIC 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: HPET 0x0000000007FE1537 000038 (v01 BOCHS BXPCHPET 00000001 BXPC 00000001)
[ 0.000000] 0MB HIGHMEM available.
[ 0.000000] 127MB LOWMEM available.
[ 0.000000] mapped low ram: 0 - 07fe0000
[ 0.000000] low ram: 0 - 07fe0000
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000000ffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000001000000-0x0000000007fdffff]
[ 0.000000] HighMem empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000000009efff]
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x0000000007fdffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x0000000007fdffff]
[ 0.000000] Using APIC driver default
[ 0.000000] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x608
[ 0.000000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0xff] dfl dfl lint[0x1])
[ 0.000000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 0, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 5 global_irq 5 high level)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 10 global_irq 10 high level)
[ 0.000000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 11 global_irq 11 high level)
[ 0.000000] Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
[ 0.000000] ACPI: HPET id: 0x8086a201 base: 0xfed00000
[ 0.000000] smpboot: Allowing 1 CPUs, 0 hotplug CPUs
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0009f000-0x0009ffff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000a0000-0x000effff]
[ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000f0000-0x000fffff]
[ 0.000000] e820: [mem 0x08000000-0xfffbffff] available for PCI devices
[ 0.000000] clocksource: refined-jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1910969940391419s
[ 0.000000] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS:8 nr_cpumask_bits:8 nr_cpu_ids:1 nr_node_ids:1
[ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 17 pages/cpu @c7db9000 s39052 r0 d30580 u69632
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 32382
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0
[ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Initializing CPU#0
[ 0.000000] Initializing HighMem for node 0 (00000000:00000000)
[ 0.000000] Memory: 115968K/130552K available (7646K kernel code, 642K rwdata, 2604K rodata, 624K init, 588K bss)
[ 0.000000] virtual kernel memory layout:
[ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xfff16000 - 0xfffff000 ( 932 kB)
[ 0.000000] pkmap : 0xff800000 - 0xffc00000 (4096 kB)
[ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xc87e0000 - 0xff7fe000 ( 880 MB)
[ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xc7fe0000 ( 127 MB)
[ 0.000000] .init : 0xc1aa6000 - 0xc1b42000 ( 624 kB)
[ 0.000000] .data : 0xc1777e58 - 0xc1aa4980 (3250 kB)
[ 0.000000] .text : 0xc1000000 - 0xc1777e58 (7647 kB)
[ 0.000000] Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode...Ok.
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] Build-time adjustment of leaf fanout to 32.
[ 0.000000] RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=32, nr_cpu_ids=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:2304 nr_irqs:256 16
[ 0.000000] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
[ 0.000000] console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 0.000000] clocksource: hpet: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604467 ns
[ 0.000000] tsc: Fast TSC calibration failed
[ 0.000000] tsc: Unable to calibrate against PIT
[ 0.000000] tsc: using HPET reference calibration
[ 0.000000] tsc: Detected 2399.871 MHz processor
[ 0.018373] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 4799.74 BogoMIPS (lpj=239)
[ 0.020546] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.022313] ACPI: Core revision 20150930
[ 0.126472] ACPI: 1 ACPI AML tables successfully acquired and loaded
[ 0.132121] Security Framework initialized
[ 0.133211] SELinux: Initializing.
[ 0.137673] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[ 0.138165] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[ 0.213839] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer
[ 0.228852] mce: CPU supports 10 MCE banks
[ 0.241805] Last level iTLB entries: 4KB 0, 2MB 0, 4MB 0
[ 0.242151] Last level dTLB entries: 4KB 0, 2MB 0, 4MB 0, 1GB 0
[ 0.244204] Spectre V1 : Mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
[ 0.246757] Spectre V2 : Spectre mitigation: LFENCE not serializing, switching to generic retpoline
[ 0.247156] Spectre V2 : Mitigation: Full generic retpoline
[ 0.248103] Spectre V2 : Spectre v2 / SpectreRSB mitigation: Filling RSB on context switch
[ 0.249328] Speculative Store Bypass: Vulnerable
[ 0.675874] Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 32K
[ 0.721646] Enabling APIC mode: Flat. Using 1 I/O APICs
[ 0.741000] ..TIMER: vector=0x30 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1
[ 0.857000] smpboot: CPU0: AMD QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+ (family: 0x6, model: 0x6, stepping: 0x3)
[ 0.863687] Performance Events: Broken PMU hardware detected, using software events only.
[ 0.866123] Failed to access perfctr msr (MSR c0010007 is 0)
[ 0.898256] Huh? What family is it: 0x6?!
[ 0.898648] MCE: In-kernel MCE decoding enabled.
[ 0.899726] x86: Booted up 1 node, 1 CPUs
[ 0.900397] smpboot: Total of 1 processors activated (4799.74 BogoMIPS)
[ 0.957130] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.993392] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275000 ns
[ 0.995119] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[ 1.019670] RTC time: 1:09:23, date: 10/27/21
[ 1.039571] kworker/u2:0 (13) used greatest stack depth: 7140 bytes left
[ 1.054145] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 1.088354] cpuidle: using governor ladder
[ 1.089468] cpuidle: using governor menu
[ 1.093718] ACPI: bus type PCI registered
[ 1.107234] PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd20c, last bus=0
[ 1.108078] PCI: Using configuration type 1 for base access
[ 1.123657] kworker/u2:1 (34) used greatest stack depth: 7056 bytes left
[ 1.262207] kworker/u2:1 (236) used greatest stack depth: 7052 bytes left
[ 1.301120] kworker/u2:0 (293) used greatest stack depth: 7032 bytes left
[ 1.337879] ACPI: Added _OSI(Module Device)
[ 1.338121] ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Device)
[ 1.338430] ACPI: Added _OSI(3.0 _SCP Extensions)
[ 1.339048] ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Aggregator Device)
[ 1.426460] ACPI: Interpreter enabled
[ 1.430905] ACPI: (supports S0 S3 S4 S5)
[ 1.431233] ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
[ 1.434034] PCI: Using host bridge windows from ACPI; if necessary, use "pci=nocrs" and report a bug
[ 1.586900] ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (domain 0000 [bus 00-ff])
[ 1.589840] acpi PNP0A03:00: _OSC: OS supports [ASPM ClockPM Segments MSI]
[ 1.591717] acpi PNP0A03:00: _OSC failed (AE_NOT_FOUND); disabling ASPM
[ 1.594282] acpi PNP0A03:00: fail to add MMCONFIG information, can't access extended PCI configuration space und.
[ 1.599144] acpi resource window ([0x100000000-0x17fffffff] ignored, not CPU addressable)
[ 1.606936] PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[ 1.608000] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0000-0x0cf7 window]
[ 1.608657] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0d00-0xffff window]
[ 1.609314] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x000a0000-0x000bffff window]
[ 1.610126] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x08000000-0xfebfffff window]
[ 1.611516] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
[ 1.645126] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x10: [io 0x01f0-0x01f7]
[ 1.645814] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x14: [io 0x03f6]
[ 1.646224] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x18: [io 0x0170-0x0177]
[ 1.648043] pci 0000:00:01.1: legacy IDE quirk: reg 0x1c: [io 0x0376]
[ 1.653734] pci 0000:00:01.3: quirk: [io 0x0600-0x063f] claimed by PIIX4 ACPI
[ 1.654147] pci 0000:00:01.3: quirk: [io 0x0700-0x070f] claimed by PIIX4 SMB
[ 1.711330] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 5 *10 11)
[ 1.714374] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 5 *10 11)
[ 1.716102] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 5 10 *11)
[ 1.717679] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 5 10 *11)
[ 1.718690] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKS] (IRQs *9)
[ 1.728000] ACPI: Enabled 2 GPEs in block 00 to 0F
[ 1.748000] vgaarb: setting as boot device: PCI:0000:00:02.0
[ 1.748000] vgaarb: device added: PCI:0000:00:02.0,decodes=io+mem,owns=io+mem,locks=none
[ 1.748159] vgaarb: loaded
[ 1.748788] vgaarb: bridge control possible 0000:00:02.0
[ 1.755774] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 1.764525] ACPI: bus type USB registered
[ 1.767844] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 1.770526] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 1.771963] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 1.776356] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 1.776835] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[ 1.778587] PTP clock support registered
[ 1.784366] PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
[ 1.822082] NetLabel: Initializing
[ 1.822422] NetLabel: domain hash size = 128
[ 1.822852] NetLabel: protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4
[ 1.829490] NetLabel: unlabeled traffic allowed by default
[ 1.831421] HPET: 3 timers in total, 0 timers will be used for per-cpu timer
[ 1.833337] hpet0: at MMIO 0xfed00000, IRQs 2, 8, 0
[ 1.834258] hpet0: 3 comparators, 64-bit 100.000000 MHz counter
[ 1.842054] amd_nb: Cannot enumerate AMD northbridges
[ 1.844023] clocksource: Switched to clocksource hpet
[ 2.196492] kworker/u2:1 (453) used greatest stack depth: 6904 bytes left
[ 2.198521] pnp: PnP ACPI init
[ 2.222014] pnp: PnP ACPI: found 6 devices
[ 2.354198] clocksource: acpi_pm: mask: 0xffffff max_cycles: 0xffffff, max_idle_ns: 2085701024 ns
[ 2.361079] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 2.386756] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
[ 2.388056] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[ 2.389049] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[ 2.391808] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[ 2.392806] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
[ 2.399869] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 2.409845] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 2.410600] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 2.411010] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 2.411892] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 2.413197] pci 0000:00:00.0: Limiting direct PCI/PCI transfers
[ 2.413838] pci 0000:00:01.0: PIIX3: Enabling Passive Release
[ 2.414954] pci 0000:00:01.0: Activating ISA DMA hang workarounds
[ 2.437564] Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...
[ 2.642736] Freeing initrd memory: 1100K
[ 2.655278] Scanning for low memory corruption every 60 seconds
[ 2.678703] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)
[ 2.682738] audit: type=2000 audit(1635296964.681:1): initialized
[ 2.700597] HugeTLB registered 4 MB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 2.778629] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0
[ 2.783884] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
[ 2.817484] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[ 2.822969] Key type id_resolver registered
[ 2.823642] Key type id_legacy registered
[ 2.824554] Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).
[ 2.837531] ntfs: driver 2.1.32 [Flags: R/O].
[ 2.841890] fuse init (API version 7.23)
[ 2.881779] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 251)
[ 2.883335] io scheduler noop registered
[ 2.883879] io scheduler deadline registered
[ 2.885844] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[ 2.892576] pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5
[ 2.904282] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXPWRBN:00/input/input0
[ 2.908440] ACPI: Power Button [PWRF]
[ 2.925777] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[ 2.959125] 00:05: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4, base_baud = 115200) is a 16550A
[ 2.980194] Non-volatile memory driver v1.3
[ 2.983148] Linux agpgart interface v0.103
[ 2.995047] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810
[ 3.124805] brd: module loaded
[ 3.166918] loop: module loaded
[ 3.216919] scsi host0: ata_piix
[ 3.222853] scsi host1: ata_piix
[ 3.225515] ata1: PATA max MWDMA2 cmd 0x1f0 ctl 0x3f6 bmdma 0xc040 irq 14
[ 3.226324] ata2: PATA max MWDMA2 cmd 0x170 ctl 0x376 bmdma 0xc048 irq 15
[ 3.251332] e100: Intel(R) PRO/100 Network Driver, 3.5.24-k2-NAPI
[ 3.251901] e100: Copyright(c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation
[ 3.254993] e1000: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.21-k8-NAPI
[ 3.255730] e1000: Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.
[ 3.429300] ata2.00: ATAPI: QEMU DVD-ROM, 2.5+, max UDMA/100
[ 3.447714] ata2.00: configured for MWDMA2
[ 3.530494] scsi 1:0:0:0: CD-ROM QEMU QEMU DVD-ROM 2.5+ PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 3.579156] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0] scsi3-mmc drive: 4x/4x cd/rw xa/form2 tray
[ 3.580970] cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
[ 3.613717] sr 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 5
[ 3.646669] tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 2399.984 MHz
[ 3.647513] clocksource: tsc: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x22982891228, max_idle_ns: 440795308081 ns
[ 4.009037] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] enabled at IRQ 11
[ 4.337955] e1000 0000:00:03.0 eth0: (PCI:33MHz:32-bit) 52:54:00:12:34:56
[ 4.339771] e1000 0000:00:03.0 eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 4.342927] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 3.2.6-k
[ 4.343622] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[ 4.346638] PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
[ 4.354806] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 4.355961] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
[ 4.357896] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[ 4.358925] ohci-pci: OHCI PCI platform driver
[ 4.360655] uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver
[ 4.362833] usbcore: registered new interface driver usblp
[ 4.364969] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 4.369903] i8042: PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:KBD,PNP0f13:MOU] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12
[ 4.385833] serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
[ 4.387874] serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
[ 4.396647] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[ 4.409020] rtc_cmos 00:00: RTC can wake from S4
[ 4.420619] input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/i8042/serio0/input/input1
[ 4.430091] rtc_cmos 00:00: rtc core: registered rtc_cmos as rtc0
[ 4.438207] rtc_cmos 00:00: alarms up to one day, y3k, 114 bytes nvram, hpet irqs
[ 4.455449] device-mapper: ioctl: 4.34.0-ioctl (2015-10-28) initialised: dm-devel@redhat.com
[ 4.461020] hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina
[ 4.482999] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 4.483895] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 4.488676] Netfilter messages via NETLINK v0.30.
[ 4.491948] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (1829 buckets, 7316 max)
[ 4.501352] ctnetlink v0.93: registering with nfnetlink.
[ 4.515798] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[ 4.526883] Initializing XFRM netlink socket
[ 4.528263] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 4.531742] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 4.539500] Using IPI No-Shortcut mode
[ 4.545662] registered taskstats version 1
[ 4.561439] Magic number: 9:772:155
[ 4.562620] bdi 1:7: hash matches
[ 4.564754] console [netcon0] enabled
[ 4.565450] netconsole: network logging started
[ 4.858232] Freeing unused kernel memory: 624K
[ 4.863988] clocksource: Switched to clocksource tsc
[ 4.865920] Write protecting the kernel text: 7648k
[ 4.867320] Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 2608k
Boot took 5.15 seconds
/bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off
/ # [ 5.271469] input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input3
/ #
/ # lsmod
[ 10.985574] lsmod (935) used greatest stack depth: 6532 bytes left
/ # ifconfig
/ # ps
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 0 0:03 /bin/sh
2 0 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 0 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
4 0 0:00 [kworker/0:0]
5 0 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
6 0 0:00 [kworker/u2:0]
7 0 0:00 [rcu_sched]
8 0 0:00 [rcu_bh]
9 0 0:00 [migration/0]
10 0 0:00 [kdevtmpfs]
11 0 0:00 [netns]
12 0 0:00 [kworker/u2:1]
14 0 0:00 [perf]
285 0 0:00 [kworker/u2:2]
336 0 0:00 [writeback]
338 0 0:00 [crypto]
339 0 0:00 [bioset]
341 0 0:00 [kblockd]
426 0 0:00 [ata_sff]
446 0 0:00 [md]
452 0 0:00 [kworker/0:1]
544 0 0:00 [rpciod]
565 0 0:00 [kswapd0]
566 0 0:00 [vmstat]
637 0 0:00 [fsnotify_mark]
652 0 0:00 [nfsiod]
659 0 0:00 [cifsiod]
710 0 0:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
731 0 0:00 [bioset]
732 0 0:00 [bioset]
733 0 0:00 [bioset]
734 0 0:00 [bioset]
735 0 0:00 [bioset]
736 0 0:00 [bioset]
737 0 0:00 [bioset]
738 0 0:00 [bioset]
739 0 0:00 [bioset]
740 0 0:00 [bioset]
741 0 0:00 [bioset]
742 0 0:00 [bioset]
743 0 0:00 [bioset]
744 0 0:00 [bioset]
745 0 0:00 [bioset]
746 0 0:00 [bioset]
780 0 0:00 [bioset]
783 0 0:00 [bioset]
786 0 0:00 [bioset]
789 0 0:00 [bioset]
792 0 0:00 [bioset]
795 0 0:00 [bioset]
798 0 0:00 [bioset]
801 0 0:00 [bioset]
819 0 0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
820 0 0:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
823 0 0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
824 0 0:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
827 0 0:00 [kworker/u2:3]
834 0 0:00 [kworker/u2:4]
838 0 0:00 [bioset]
843 0 0:00 [kworker/0:2]
874 0 0:00 [kpsmoused]
925 0 0:00 [deferwq]
927 0 0:00 [kworker/0:3]
937 0 0:00 ps
/ # ls -l /dev/
total 0
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 235 Oct 27 01:09 autofs
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 60 Oct 27 01:09 bsg
crw------- 1 0 0 5, 1 Oct 27 01:09 console
drwxr-xr-x 3 0 0 60 Oct 27 01:09 cpu
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 62 Oct 27 01:09 cpu_dma_latency
crw-rw-rw- 1 0 0 1, 7 Oct 27 01:09 full
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 229 Oct 27 01:09 fuse
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 228 Oct 27 01:09 hpet
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 183 Oct 27 01:09 hwrng
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 140 Oct 27 01:09 input
crw------- 1 0 0 1, 2 Oct 27 01:09 kmem
crw-r--r-- 1 0 0 1, 11 Oct 27 01:09 kmsg
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 237 Oct 27 01:09 loop-control
brw------- 1 0 0 7, 0 Oct 27 01:09 loop0
brw------- 1 0 0 7, 1 Oct 27 01:09 loop1
brw------- 1 0 0 7, 2 Oct 27 01:09 loop2
brw------- 1 0 0 7, 3 Oct 27 01:09 loop3
brw------- 1 0 0 7, 4 Oct 27 01:09 loop4
brw------- 1 0 0 7, 5 Oct 27 01:09 loop5
brw------- 1 0 0 7, 6 Oct 27 01:09 loop6
brw------- 1 0 0 7, 7 Oct 27 01:09 loop7
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 60 Oct 27 01:09 mapper
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 227 Oct 27 01:09 mcelog
crw------- 1 0 0 1, 1 Oct 27 01:09 mem
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 59 Oct 27 01:09 memory_bandwidth
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 61 Oct 27 01:09 network_latency
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 60 Oct 27 01:09 network_throughput
crw-rw-rw- 1 0 0 1, 3 Oct 27 01:09 null
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 144 Oct 27 01:09 nvram
crw------- 1 0 0 1, 4 Oct 27 01:09 port
crw------- 1 0 0 108, 0 Oct 27 01:09 ppp
crw-rw-rw- 1 0 0 5, 2 Oct 27 01:09 ptmx
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 0 Oct 27 01:09 ram0
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 1 Oct 27 01:09 ram1
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 10 Oct 27 01:09 ram10
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 11 Oct 27 01:09 ram11
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 12 Oct 27 01:09 ram12
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 13 Oct 27 01:09 ram13
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 14 Oct 27 01:09 ram14
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 15 Oct 27 01:09 ram15
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 2 Oct 27 01:09 ram2
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 3 Oct 27 01:09 ram3
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 4 Oct 27 01:09 ram4
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 5 Oct 27 01:09 ram5
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 6 Oct 27 01:09 ram6
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 7 Oct 27 01:09 ram7
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 8 Oct 27 01:09 ram8
brw------- 1 0 0 1, 9 Oct 27 01:09 ram9
crw-rw-rw- 1 0 0 1, 8 Oct 27 01:09 random
crw------- 1 0 0 254, 0 Oct 27 01:09 rtc0
crw------- 1 0 0 21, 0 Oct 27 01:09 sg0
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 231 Oct 27 01:09 snapshot
brw------- 1 0 0 11, 0 Oct 27 01:09 sr0
crw-rw-rw- 1 0 0 5, 0 Oct 27 01:09 tty
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 0 Oct 27 01:09 tty0
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 1 Oct 27 01:09 tty1
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 10 Oct 27 01:09 tty10
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 11 Oct 27 01:09 tty11
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 12 Oct 27 01:09 tty12
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 13 Oct 27 01:09 tty13
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 14 Oct 27 01:09 tty14
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 15 Oct 27 01:09 tty15
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 16 Oct 27 01:09 tty16
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 17 Oct 27 01:09 tty17
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 18 Oct 27 01:09 tty18
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 19 Oct 27 01:09 tty19
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 2 Oct 27 01:09 tty2
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 20 Oct 27 01:09 tty20
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 21 Oct 27 01:09 tty21
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 22 Oct 27 01:09 tty22
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 23 Oct 27 01:09 tty23
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 24 Oct 27 01:09 tty24
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 25 Oct 27 01:09 tty25
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 26 Oct 27 01:09 tty26
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 27 Oct 27 01:09 tty27
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 28 Oct 27 01:09 tty28
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 29 Oct 27 01:09 tty29
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 3 Oct 27 01:09 tty3
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 30 Oct 27 01:09 tty30
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 31 Oct 27 01:09 tty31
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 32 Oct 27 01:09 tty32
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 33 Oct 27 01:09 tty33
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 34 Oct 27 01:09 tty34
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 35 Oct 27 01:09 tty35
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 36 Oct 27 01:09 tty36
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 37 Oct 27 01:09 tty37
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 38 Oct 27 01:09 tty38
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 39 Oct 27 01:09 tty39
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 4 Oct 27 01:09 tty4
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 40 Oct 27 01:09 tty40
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 41 Oct 27 01:09 tty41
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 42 Oct 27 01:09 tty42
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 43 Oct 27 01:09 tty43
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 44 Oct 27 01:09 tty44
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 45 Oct 27 01:09 tty45
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 46 Oct 27 01:09 tty46
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 47 Oct 27 01:09 tty47
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 48 Oct 27 01:09 tty48
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 49 Oct 27 01:09 tty49
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 5 Oct 27 01:09 tty5
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 50 Oct 27 01:09 tty50
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 51 Oct 27 01:09 tty51
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 52 Oct 27 01:09 tty52
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 53 Oct 27 01:09 tty53
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 54 Oct 27 01:09 tty54
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 55 Oct 27 01:09 tty55
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 56 Oct 27 01:09 tty56
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 57 Oct 27 01:09 tty57
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 58 Oct 27 01:09 tty58
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 59 Oct 27 01:09 tty59
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 6 Oct 27 01:09 tty6
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 60 Oct 27 01:09 tty60
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 61 Oct 27 01:09 tty61
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 62 Oct 27 01:09 tty62
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 63 Oct 27 01:09 tty63
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 7 Oct 27 01:09 tty7
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 8 Oct 27 01:09 tty8
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 9 Oct 27 01:09 tty9
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 64 Oct 27 01:09 ttyS0
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 65 Oct 27 01:09 ttyS1
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 66 Oct 27 01:09 ttyS2
crw------- 1 0 0 4, 67 Oct 27 01:09 ttyS3
crw-rw-rw- 1 0 0 1, 9 Oct 27 01:09 urandom
crw------- 1 0 0 250, 0 Oct 27 01:09 usbmon0
crw------- 1 0 0 7, 0 Oct 27 01:09 vcs
crw------- 1 0 0 7, 1 Oct 27 01:09 vcs1
crw------- 1 0 0 7, 128 Oct 27 01:09 vcsa
crw------- 1 0 0 7, 129 Oct 27 01:09 vcsa1
crw------- 1 0 0 10, 63 Oct 27 01:09 vga_arbiter
crw-rw-rw- 1 0 0 1, 5 Oct 27 01:09 zero
/ #
####################
#### better console/tty control, start shell from getty/inittab instead of /init or /etc/init.d/rcS
### !!!!!!!!!!!! -append "rdinit=/linuxrc"
########### etc/inittab =======> cat > etc/inittab
[lake@localhost _install]$ find etc
etc
etc/init.d
etc/init.d/rcS
etc/inittab
[lake@localhost _install]$
[lake@localhost _install]$ ls -l etc/
total 0
[lake@localhost _install]$ cat > etc/inittab
console::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
## series console shell
::respawn:/sbin/getty -n -l /bin/sh 115200 ttyS0 vt100
##tty no login
::respawn:/sbin/getty -n -l /bin/sh 115200 tty1 vt100
::respawn:/sbin/getty -n -l /bin/sh 115200 tty2 vt100
::respawn:/sbin/getty -n -l /bin/sh 115200 tty3 vt100
::respawn:/sbin/getty -n -l /bin/sh 115200 tty4 vt100
#::respawn:/bin/sh
::restart:/sbin/init
[lake@localhost _install]$ mkdir -p etc/init.d
[lake@localhost _install]$ mv init etc/init.d/rcS
[lake@localhost _install]$ cat > etc/init.d/rcS
#!/bin/sh
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
mount -t ramfs none /tmp
/sbin/mdev -s ###create dynamic device node in /dev
[lake@localhost _install]$ mkdir -p tmp
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