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最新推荐文章于 2019-07-31 08:49:48 发布

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本文介绍了一道典型的ACM竞赛题目——救援问题。任务是在一个包含墙壁、道路和守卫的监狱地图中寻找最短时间路径，以使角色接近被囚禁的朋友Angel。文章提供了详细的代码实现，并解释了如何通过广度优先搜索算法来处理守卫增加的时间成本。

题目链接：http://acm.zju.edu.cn/onlinejudge/showProblem.do?problemCode=1649

题目：

Rescue

Time Limit: 2 Seconds Memory Limit: 65536 KB

Angel was caught by the MOLIGPY! He was put in prison by Moligpy. The prison is described as a N * M (N, M <= 200) matrix. There are WALLs, ROADs, and GUARDs in the prison.

Angel's friends want to save Angel. Their task is: approach Angel. We assume that "approach Angel" is to get to the position where Angel stays. When there's a guard in the grid, we must kill him (or her?) to move into the grid. We assume that we moving up, down, right, left takes us 1 unit time, and killing a guard takes 1 unit time, too. And we are strong enough to kill all the guards.

You have to calculate the minimal time to approach Angel. (We can move only UP, DOWN, LEFT and RIGHT, to the neighbor grid within bound, of course.)

Input

First line contains two integers stand for N and M.

Then N lines follows, every line has M characters. "." stands for road, "a" stands for Angel, and "r" stands for each of Angel's friend.

Process to the end of the file.

Output

For each test case, your program should output a single integer, standing for the minimal time needed. If such a number does no exist, you should output a line containing "Poor ANGEL has to stay in the prison all his life."

Sample Input

7 8
#.#####.
#.a#..r.
#..#x...
..#..#.#
#...##..
.#......
........

Sample Output

题目描述：

bfs搜索题，可以用优先队列，也可以不用，普通的bfs模板搜索过不了，主要是在杀死守卫时会多耗时，所以步数短的不一定用时短，解决方法是，可以用一个二维数组来存当前用时最短的时间，每次更新即可，这里‘r’不止一个，所以要用‘a’来找‘r’，最后输出最短的‘r’用时。这种方法需重复搜索，所以数组需开的较大。

代码：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int min[210][210];
struct qa
{
	int a,b,c;
}qu[1000010];
int main()
{
	char s[210][210];
	int a,b,i,j,k,T;
	int ei,ej;
	while(scanf("%d%d",&a,&b)!=EOF){
		for(i = 0;i <a ;i++)
			scanf("%s",s[i]);
		for(i = 0;i < a;i ++){
			for(j = 0;j < b;j ++){
				if(s[i][j] == 'a')
					ei = i,ej = j;
				min[i][j] = 99999999;
			}
		}
//**************************************************************************************
		int h = 0,t = 0;
		qu[h].a = ei;
		qu[h].b = ej;
		qu[h].c = 0;
		min[ei][ej] =0;
		t++;
		T = 99999999;
		while(h < t){
			int ne[4][2] = {0,1,
							1,0,
							0,-1,
							-1,0};
			
			for(i = 0;i < 4;i++){
				int tx = qu[h].a + ne[i][0];
				int ty = qu[h].b + ne[i][1];
				if(tx < 0 || tx >= a || ty < 0 || ty >= b)
					continue;
				if(s[tx][ty]!='#'){
					qu[t].a = tx;
					qu[t].b = ty;
					qu[t].c = qu[h].c + 1;
					if(s[tx][ty] == 'x')
						qu[t].c ++;
					if(min[tx][ty] > qu[t].c){
						min[tx][ty] = qu[t].c;
						t ++;			//只有更新了才会加入队列  
					}	
					if(s[tx][ty] == 'r' && T > min[tx][ty])
						T = min[tx][ty];	//更新用时 
				}
			}
			h++;
		}
//*************************************************************** 
		if(T<99999999)
			printf("%d\n",T);
		else
	        printf("Poor ANGEL has to stay in the prison all his life.\n");
	}
	return 0;
}