BestCoder Round #86-CSDN博客

本文解析了三道算法竞赛题目，包括价格清单问题、序列问题及其进阶版本。通过详细阐述解题思路及提供源代码，帮助读者理解如何利用数学方法和编程技巧解决实际问题。

Price List

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 262144/131072 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 97 Accepted Submission(s): 69

Problem Description

There are

n shops numbered with successive integers from

1 to

n in Byteland. Every shop sells only one kind of goods, and the price of the

i-th shop's goods is

vi.

Every day, Byteasar will purchase some goods. He will buy at most one piece of goods from each shop. Of course, he can also choose to buy nothing. Back home, Byteasar will calculate the total amount of money he has costed that day and write it down on his account book.

However, due to Byteasar's poor math, he may calculate a wrong number. Byteasar would not mind if he wrote down a smaller number, because it seems that he hadn't used too much money.

Please write a program to help Byteasar judge whether each number is sure to be strictly larger than the actual value.

Input

The first line of the input contains an integer

(1≤T≤10), denoting the number of test cases.

In each test case, the first line of the input contains two integers

n,m

(1≤n,m≤100000), denoting the number of shops and the number of records on Byteasar's account book.

The second line of the input contains

n integers

v1,v2,...,vn

(1≤vi≤100000), denoting the price of the

i-th shop's goods.

Each of the next

m lines contains an integer

(0≤q≤1018), denoting each number on Byteasar's account book.

Output

For each test case, print a line with

m characters. If the

i-th number is sure to be strictly larger than the actual value, then the

i-th character should be '1'. Otherwise, it should be '0'.

Sample Input

Sample Output

解题思路：求出所有数的和sum ，如果q>sum 那么肯定记多了。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define N 100050
int v[N];
int main()
{
    int T,n,m;
    long long t;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--)
    {
        long long sum=0;
        scanf("%d %d",&n,&m);
        for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&v[i]);
            sum+=v[i];
        }
        while(m--)
        {
            scanf("%lld",&t);
            if(t>sum)
                printf("1");
            else printf("0");
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

NanoApe Loves Sequence

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 262144/131072 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 164 Accepted Submission(s): 73

Problem Description

NanoApe, the Retired Dog, has returned back to prepare for the National Higher Education Entrance Examination!

In math class, NanoApe picked up sequences once again. He wrote down a sequence with

n numbers on the paper and then randomly deleted a number in the sequence. After that, he calculated the maximum absolute value of the difference of each two adjacent remained numbers, denoted as

F.

Now he wants to know the expected value of

F, if he deleted each number with equal probability.

Input

The first line of the input contains an integer

T, denoting the number of test cases.

In each test case, the first line of the input contains an integer

n, denoting the length of the original sequence.

The second line of the input contains

n integers

A1,A2,...,An, denoting the elements of the sequence.

1≤T≤10, 3≤n≤100000, 1≤Ai≤109

Output

For each test case, print a line with one integer, denoting the answer.

In order to prevent using float number, you should print the answer multiplied by

Sample Input

1
4
1 2 3 4

Sample Output

解题思路：求出前i 个数里相邻差值的最大值f i ，i 到n 里相邻差值的最大值g i ，那么ans=∑ n i=1 max(|A i−1 −A i+1 |,f i−1 ,g i+1 ) 。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define N 100050
long long INF=2000000001;
long long a[N],d[N];
int main()
{
    int T,n,m;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--)
    {
        scanf("%d",&n);
        for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
            scanf("%I64d",&a[i]);
        long long maxn=-INF,maxn1=-INF,num,num1;
        for(int i=2; i<=n; i++)
        {
            d[i]=a[i]-a[i-1];
            if(maxn<abs(d[i]))
            {
                maxn1=maxn;
                maxn=abs(d[i]);
                num1=num;
                num=i;
            }
            else if(maxn1<abs(d[i]))
            {
                maxn1=abs(d[i]);
                num1=i;
            }
        }
        long long sum=0;
        if(abs(d[2])==maxn) sum+=maxn1;
        else sum+=maxn;
        if(abs(d[n])==maxn) sum+=maxn1;
        else sum+=maxn;
        for(int i=2; i<n; i++)
        {
            long long l=abs(a[i-1]-a[i+1]);
            if(l>=maxn) sum+=l;
            else
            {
                if((num==i&&num1==i+1)||(num1==i+1&&num==i))
                    sum+=l;
                else if(num==i||num==i+1)
                    sum+=maxn1;
                else
                    sum+=maxn;
            }
        }
        printf("%I64d\n",sum);
    }
    return 0;
}

NanoApe Loves Sequence Ⅱ

Time Limit: 4000/2000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 262144/131072 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 152 Accepted Submission(s): 72

Problem Description

NanoApe, the Retired Dog, has returned back to prepare for for the National Higher Education Entrance Examination!

In math class, NanoApe picked up sequences once again. He wrote down a sequence with

n numbers and a number

m on the paper.

Now he wants to know the number of continous subsequences of the sequence in such a manner that the

k-th largest number in the subsequence is no less than

m.

Note : The length of the subsequence must be no less than

Input

The first line of the input contains an integer

T, denoting the number of test cases.

In each test case, the first line of the input contains three integers

n,m,k.

The second line of the input contains

n integers

A1,A2,...,An, denoting the elements of the sequence.

1≤T≤10, 2≤n≤200000, 1≤k≤n/2, 1≤m,Ai≤109

Output

For each test case, print a line with one integer, denoting the answer.

Sample Input

1
7 4 2
4 2 7 7 6 5 1

Sample Output

解题思路：这题可以考虑尺取法，将不小于

m 的数看作

1 ，剩下的数看作

0 ，那么只要区间内

1 的个数不小于

k 则可行，正好可以使用尺取法

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<set>
#include<map>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 200005;
int n,m,k;
int a[maxn],sum[maxn];

int main()
{
	int t;
	scanf("%d",&t);
	while(t--)
	{
		scanf("%d%d%d",&n,&m,&k);
		for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		{
			scanf("%d",&a[i]);
			sum[i] = sum[i-1];
			if(a[i] >= m) sum[i]++;
		}
		int i,j = 1;
		long long ans = 0;
		for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
		{
			while(sum[i] - sum[j-1] >= k)
			{
				ans += n - i + 1;
				j++;
			}
		}
		printf("%lld\n",ans);
	}
	return 0;
}