Linux 条件判断式

if … then …

简单条件判断式:

if [条件判断式];then
    #执行内容
fi #结束if

注意：if和[之间一定要有空格！不然会报语法错误
把多个条件写入一个判断式

["$yn"=="Y"-o"$yn"=="y"]

也可以用多个中括号隔开，等价于：

["$yn"=="Y"]||["$yn"="y"]

例子：

PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn

if [ "$yn" == "Y" ] || [ "$yn" == "y" ]; then
    echo "OK, continue"
    exit 0
fi
if [ "$yn" == "N" ] || [ "$yn" == "n" ]; then
    echo "Oh, interrupt!"
    exit 0
fi
echo "I don't know what your choice is" && exit 0

多重复杂条件判断式:

if []; then
elif []; then
else
fi

例1

read -p "Please input (Y/N): " yn

if [ "$yn" == "Y" ] || [ "$yn" == "y" ]; then
    echo "OK, continue"
elif [ "$yn" == "N" ] || [ "$yn" == "n" ]; then
    echo "Oh, interrupt!"
else
    echo "I don't know what your choice is"
fi

例2

# 1. 告知使用者这支程序的用途，并且告知应该如何输入日期格式？

read -p "Please input date of next friday (YYYYMMDD ex>20090401): " date2

# 2. 测试输入的内容是否正确
date_d=$(echo $date2 |grep '[0-9]\{8\}')   # 看看是否有八个数字
if [ "$date_d" == "" ]; then
    echo "You input the wrong date format...."
    exit 1
fi

# 3. 计算日期
declare -i date_dem=`date --date="$date2" +%s`    # 输入日期秒数
declare -i date_now=`date +%s`                    # 现在日期秒数
#
declare -i date_total_s=$(($date_dem-$date_now))  # 剩余秒数统计
declare -i date_d=$(($date_total_s/60/60/24))     # 转为日数
if [ "$date_total_s" -lt "0" ]; then             
    echo "your input is the friday passed: " $((-1*$date_d)) " ago"
else
    declare -i date_h=$(($(($date_total_s-$date_d*60*60*24))/60/60))
    echo "the next friday will arrive after $date_d days and $date_h hours."
fi

注1*一定要接空格的地方：*
-grep后
-条件判断式[]中的每一项
注2*declare：用来声明和显示已经存在的shell变量*

case…..esac

已知，既定的多个变量

case $变量名称 in
    "第一个变量内容"）
        ...
        ;;
    "第二个变量内容"
        ...
        ;;
    *)#用*代表其他所有变量
        ...
        exit 1
        ;;
esac    

例2：

echo "This program will print your selection !"
# read -p "Input your choice: " choice # 暂时取消，可以替换！
# case $choice in                      # 暂时取消，可以替换！
case $1 in                             # 现在使用，可以用上面两行替换！
  "one")
    echo "Your choice is ONE"
    ;;
  "two")
    echo "Your choice is TWO"
    ;;
  "three")
    echo "Your choice is THREE"
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage $0 {one|two|three}"
    ;;
esac

用‘case $1 in’时，

source sh08.sh one
#在文件名后要带参数