OSPF network type

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本文详细介绍了OSPF(开放最短路径优先)协议中的不同网络类型及其特点：广播型网络默认使用多播发送Hello包并进行DR/BDR选举；非广播多点可达网络则采用单播发送Hello包，同样进行DR/BDR选举；点到点网络不进行选举且Hello包为多播形式；点到多点网络不进行选举但修改下一跳处理方式，适用于NBMA网络；环回接口则将网络宣告为存根主机。

OSPF Network Broadcast
Default on broadcast medias (Ethernet / Token Ring)
Sends hellos as multicast
Performs DR/BDR Election

OSPF Network Non-Broadcast
Default on multipoint NBMA medias (Frame Relay / ATM)
Sends hellos as unicast ("neighbor" command)
Performs DR/BDR Election

OSPF Network Point-to-Point
Default on point-to-point medias (HDLC / PPP)
Sends hellos as multicast
No DR/BDR Election
Only two neighbors on the segment

OSPF Network Point-to-Multipoint
Not a default option
Sends hellos as multicast
No DR/BDR Election
Modifies next-hop processing (Best option for NBMA)

Point-to-Multipoint Non-Broadcast
Not a default option
Sends hellos as unicast ("neighbor" command)
No DR/BDR Election
Modifies next-hop processing

OSPF Network Loopback
Loopback and Looped back interfaces
Advertises network as a stub host (/32 host route)