LINQ语法收藏

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-18 08:50:23 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2025-05-18 08:50:23 发布 · 3.2k 阅读

标签

#linq #string #equals #function #c

一、LINQ查询符列表

Query Operators	Meaning in Life
from, in	Used to define the backbone for any LINQ expression, which allows you to extract a subset of data from a fitting container.
where	Used to define a restriction for which items to extract from a container.
select	Used to select a sequence from the container.
join, on, equals, into	Performs joins based on specified key. Remember, these “ joins ” do not need to have anything to do with data in a relational database.
orderby, ascending, descending	Allows the resulting subset to be ordered in ascending or descending order.
group, by	Yields a subset with data grouped by a specified value.

另外还有一些没有操作符号，而是以扩展函数（泛型函数）的方式提供的函数：
用不同方式产生结果集： Reverse<>(), ToArray<>(), ToList<>()
集合操作： Distinct<>(), Union<>(), Intersect<>()
统计函数： Count<>(), Sum<>(), Min<>(), Max<>()
二、使用Enumerable获取Counts
为了使用这些Enumerable扩展函数，一般把LINQ查询表达式用括号括起来，先转换为IEnumerable<T>兼容的对象。

static void GetCount()
{
string [] currentVideoGames = { " Morrowind " , " BioShock " ,
" Half Life 2: Episode 1 " , " The Darkness " ,
" Daxter " , " System Shock 2 " };
// Get count from the query.
int numb = (from g in currentVideoGames
where g.Length > 6
orderby g
select g).Count < string > ();
// numb is the value 5.
Console.WriteLine( " {0} items honor the LINQ query. " , numb);
}

三、定义演示的实例

class Car
{
public string PetName = string .Empty;
public string Color = string .Empty;
public int Speed;
public string Make = string .Empty;
public override string ToString()
{
return string .Format( " Make={0}, Color={1}, Speed={2}, PetName={3} " ,
Make, Color, Speed, PetName);
}
}

static void Main( string [] args)
{
Console.WriteLine( " ***** Fun with Query Expressions *****"n " );
// This array will be the basis of our testing

Car[] myCars = new [] {
new Car{ PetName = " Henry " , Color = " Silver " , Speed = 100 , Make = " BMW " },
new Car{ PetName = " Daisy " , Color = " Tan " , Speed = 90 , Make = " BMW " },
new Car{ PetName = " Mary " , Color = " Black " , Speed = 55 , Make = " VW " },
new Car{ PetName = " Clunker " , Color = " Rust " , Speed = 5 , Make = " Yugo " },

new Car{ PetName = " Hank " , Color = " Tan " , Speed = 0 , Make = " Ford " },
new Car{ PetName = " Sven " , Color = " White " , Speed = 90 , Make = " Ford " },
new Car{ PetName = " Mary " , Color = " Black " , Speed = 55 , Make = " VW " },
new Car{ PetName = " Zippy " , Color = " Yellow " , Speed = 55 , Make = " VW " },
new Car{ PetName = " Melvin " , Color = " White " , Speed = 43 , Make = " Ford " }
};
// We will call various methods here!
Console.ReadLine();
}

四、LINQ语法
基本语法

var result = from item
                  in container
                  orderby value ascending/descending
                  select item;

1、获取全部记录

var allCars = from c in myCars select c;

2、只获取字段名称

var names = from c in myCars select c.PetName;

这里names就是隐式类型的变量。
3、使用Enumerable.Distinct<T>()

var makes = (from c in myCars select c.Make).Distinct < string > ();

4、即可以在定义的时候调用Enumberalbe扩展函数

var names = from c in myCars select c.PetName;
foreach (var n in names)
{
Console.WriteLine( " Name: {0} " , n);
}

也可以在兼容的数组类型上调用

var makes = from c in myCars select c.Make;
Console.WriteLine( " Distinct makes: " );
foreach (var m in makes.Distinct < string > ())
{
Console.WriteLine( " Make: {0} " , m);
}

// Now get only the BMWs.
var onlyBMWs = from c in myCars where c.Make == " BMW " select c;

// Get BMWs going at least 100 mph.
var onlyFastBMWs = from c in myCars
where c.Make == " BMW " && c.Speed >= 100
select c;

5、生成新的数据类型（投影）

var makesColors = from c in myCars select new {c.Make, c.Color};

6、Reverse<T>()

var subset = (from c in myCars select c).Reverse < Car > ();
foreach (Car c in subset)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} is going {1} MPH", c.PetName, c.Speed);
}

或者

var subset = from c in myCars select c;
foreach (Car c in subset.Reverse < Car > ())
{
Console.WriteLine(c.ToString());
}

7、排序
默认是ascending

// Order all the cars by PetName.
var subset = from c in myCars orderby c.PetName select c;

// Now find the cars that are going less than 55 mph,
// and order by descending PetName
subset = from c in myCars
where c.Speed > 55 orderby c.PetName descending select c;

默认顺序时也可以明确指明

var subset = from c in myCars
orderby c.PetName ascending select c;

8、Enumerable.Except()
两个IEnumerable<T>兼容的对象的差集

static void GetDiff()
{
List < string > myCars = new List < String >
{ " Yugo " , " Aztec " , " BMW " };
List < string > yourCars = new List < String >
{ " BMW " , " Saab " , " Aztec " };
var carDiff = (from c in myCars select c)
.Except(from c2 in yourCars select c2);
Console.WriteLine( " Here is what you don't have, but I do: " );
foreach ( string s in carDiff)
Console.WriteLine(s); // Prints Yugo.
}

五、使用LINQ查询结果

如果查询结果是强类型的，如 string[]，List<T>等，就可以不用var类型，而是使用合适的IEnumerable<T>或 IEnumerable（因为IEnumerable<T>也扩展了IEnumerable）类型。

class Program
{
static void Main( string [] args)
{
Console.WriteLine( " ***** LINQ Transformations *****"n " );
IEnumerable < string > subset = GetStringSubset();
foreach ( string item in subset)
{
Console.WriteLine(item);
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
static IEnumerable < string > GetStringSubset()
{
string [] currentVideoGames = { " Morrowind " , " BioShock " ,
" Half Life 2: Episode 1 " , " The Darkness " ,
" Daxter " , " System Shock 2 " };
// Note subset is an IEnumerable<string> compatible object.
IEnumerable < string > subset = from g in currentVideoGames
where g.Length > 6
orderby g
select g;
return subset;
}
}

分页处理:

var custTotalOrders = from c in db.D_WorkCenter
                              //join o in db.Orders
                              //on c.CustomerID equals o.CustomerID into custOrders
                              //from o in custOrders
                              select new
                              {
                                  WorkCenterID = c.WorkCenterID,
                                  WorkCenterName = c.WorkCenterName
                                  //OrderTotal = o.Order_Details.Sum(d => d.UnitPrice * d.Quantity)
                              };

GridView1.DataSource = custTotalOrders.Skip(1).Take(GridView1.PageSize);
GridView1.DataBind();