WinForm查看SQL Server所有数据库表信息小工具的一些用法总结

闲来无事，利用WinForm做了个查看SQL Server所有数据库表信息的小工具。 

 总结一下：

1、只允许运行应用程序的一个实例

    static class Program
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            //Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            //Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
            //Application.Run(new FrmMain());

            Process instance = RunningInstance();
            if (instance == null)
            {
                //没有实例在运行
                Application.Run(new FrmMain());
            }
            else
            {
                //已经有一个实例在运行
                HandleRunningInstance(instance);
            }

        }

        #region  确保程序只运行一个实例
        private static Process RunningInstance()
        {
            Process current = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
            Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName(current.ProcessName);
            //遍历与当前进程名称相同的进程列表  
            foreach (Process process in processes)
            {
                //如果实例已经存在则忽略当前进程  
                if (process.Id != current.Id)
                {
                    //保证要打开的进程同已经存在的进程来自同一文件路径
                    if (Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location.Replace("/", "\\") == current.MainModule.FileName)
                    {
                        //返回已经存在的进程
                        return process;
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        private static void HandleRunningInstance(Process instance)
        {          
            ShowWindowAsync(instance.MainWindowHandle, 1);  //调用api函数，正常显示窗口
            SetForegroundWindow(instance.MainWindowHandle); //将窗口放置最前端           

        }
        [DllImport("User32.dll")]
        private static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(System.IntPtr hWnd, int cmdShow);
        [DllImport("User32.dll")]
        private static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(System.IntPtr hWnd);
        #endregion
    }

/// <summary>
        /// 选择项类，用于ComboBox或者ListBox添加项
        /// </summary>
        public class ListItem
        {
            public ListItem(string sid, string sname)
            {
                ID = sid;
                Name = sname;
            }
            public override string ToString()
            {
                return this.Name;
            }
            public string ID { get; set; }
            public string Name { get; set; }
        }
//使用：
            cboLoginType.Items.Add(new Comm.ListItem("0", "Windows 身份验证"));
            cboLoginType.Items.Add(new Comm.ListItem("1", "SQL Server 身份验证"));

或者也可以用下面方法：

//引用using System.Collections;
public static class Extensions
    {
public static void BindComboBox(this ComboBox cb, List<DictionaryEntry> list)
        {
            cb.DisplayMember = "Value";
            cb.ValueMember = "Key";
            cb.DataSource = list;
        }
    }


//绑定到cbMonths控件
List<DictionaryEntry> list = new List<DictionaryEntry>();
DateTime dtStart = Convert.ToDateTime("2013-01-01");
while (Convert.ToInt32(dtStart.ToString("yyyyMM")) < Convert.ToInt32(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMM")))
{
    list.Add(new DictionaryEntry(dtStart.ToString("yyyyMM"), dtStart.ToString("yyyy年MM月")));
    dtStart = dtStart.AddMonths(1);
};
cbMonths.BindComboBox(list);
//设置默认值
cbMonths.SelectedValue = DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-1).ToString("yyyyMM");

//利用构造方法，LoginFM窗体传值给MainFM窗体

//LoginFM.cs代码:
MainFM f1 = new MainFM(txtServerName.Text.Trim());
f1.Show();

//MainFM.cs代码:
public MainFM()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
public MainFM(string name)
: this()
{
serverName = name;
}

4、窗体伸缩时控制窗体内控件按比例自动伸缩

public MainFM(string name)
            : this()
        {
            serverName = name;           
            SetControlWH(this);
        }
 private void MainFM_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            SetControl2(this);
        }
double formoldwidth;    //窗体原始宽度   
        double formoldheight;   //窗体原始高度 
        private void SetControlWH(Control c)
        {
            double scalewh;     //控件宽高比    
            formoldwidth = (double)this.Width;
            formoldheight = (double)this.Height;
            foreach (Control ctrl in c.Controls)
            {
                scalewh = (double)ctrl.Width / (double)ctrl.Height;
                ctrl.Tag = ctrl.Left + " " + ctrl.Top + " " + ctrl.Width
 + " " + scalewh.ToString() + " ";     //将控件的Left,Top,Width,宽高比放入控件的Tag内
   
                if (ctrl != null)
                    SetControlWH(ctrl);
            }
        }
        private void SetControl2(Control c)
        {
            double scalex;  //水平伸缩比   
            double scaley;  //垂直伸缩比   
            long i;
            int temppos;
            string temptag;
            double[] pos = new double[4];   
//pos数组保存当前控件的left,top,width,height    
            scalex = (double)this.Width / formoldwidth;
            scaley = (double)this.Height / formoldheight;
            foreach (Control ctrl in c.Controls)
            {
                temptag = ctrl.Tag.ToString();
                for (i = 0; i <= 3; i++)
                {
                    temppos = temptag.IndexOf(" ");
                    if (temppos > 0)
                    {
                        pos[i] = Convert.ToDouble(temptag.Substring(0, 
temppos));   //从Tag中取出参数   
                        temptag = temptag.Substring(temppos + 1);
                    }
                    else
                        pos[i] = 0;
                }
                ctrl.Left = (int)(pos[0] * scalex);
                ctrl.Top = (int)(pos[1] * scaley);
                ctrl.Width = (int)(pos[2] * scalex);
                ctrl.Height = (int)((double)ctrl.Width / pos[3]);   
//高度由宽高比算出  
                SetControl2(ctrl);
            }
        }

或者也设置控件的属性Anchor和属性Dock的值，来自动伸缩。 

5、设置DataGridView行变色

private void dataGridView1_DataBindingComplete(object sender, DataGridViewBindingCompleteEventArgs e)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < this.dataGridView1.Rows.Count; i++)
            {
                if (i % 2 == 0)
                {
                    this.dataGridView1.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Info;//背景颜色
                    this.dataGridView1.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Green;//字体颜色
                }
                this.dataGridView1.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.SelectionBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Green;//选择行的颜色
            }
        }

private void InitTreeList(DataTable dataTable)
        {
            this.treeView1.ImageIndex = 0;
            TreeNode root = new TreeNode(serverName, 0, 0);
            foreach (System.Data.DataRow row in dataTable.Rows)
            {
                TreeNode node = new TreeNode(row["name"].ToString(),1,1);
                node.Tag = row["name"].ToString();
                //以下生成一个子节点以让节点显示“+”号
                TreeNode n = new TreeNode("n");
                node.Nodes.Add(n);
                root.Nodes.Add(node);
            }
            this.treeView1.Nodes.Add(root);
            this.treeView1.Nodes[0].Expand();
        }
//选择节点时再生成子节点数据 
private void treeView1_AfterSelect(object sender, TreeViewEventArgs e)
        {
           //其它代码.....
                //点击“+”号生成节点数据时先删除原先的子节点
                if (this.treeView1.SelectedNode.Nodes.Count > 0)
                {
                    this.treeView1.SelectedNode.Nodes.Clear();
                }
           //其它代码.....
       }

private void treeView1_AfterExpand(object sender, TreeViewEventArgs e)
        {
            SetSelectNode(e.Node);           
        }
        private void treeView1_AfterCollapse(object sender, TreeViewEventArgs e)
        {
            SetSelectNode(e.Node);   
        }
        private void SetSelectNode(TreeNode tn)
        {
            if (tn == null)
                return;
            if (tn.Tag == null)
                return;
            treeView1.SelectedNode = tn;
        }

 8、窗体监听热键

private void MainFM_Activated(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {       
           HotKey.RegisterHotKey(Handle, 100, HotKey.KeyModifiers.None, Keys.F5);
        }
        private void MainFM_Leave(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            HotKey.UnRegisterHotKey(Handle, 100);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 监视Windows消息，重载WndProc方法，用于实现热键响应
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="m"></param>
      protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
        {
            const int WM_HOTKEY = 0x0312;
            switch (m.Msg)
            {
                case WM_HOTKEY:
                    switch (m.WParam.ToInt32())
                    {
                        case 101:
                            {
                                HotKey.UnregisterHotKey(Handle, 100);
                                //这是响应代码......
                                break;
                            }
                    }
                    break;
            }
            base.WndProc(ref m);
        }

/*
(1)在窗体设计界面添加一个NotifyIcon控件notifyIcon1，添加一个ContextMenuStrip控件contextMenuStrip1；
(2)设置notifyIcon1的ContextMenuStrip属性为contextMenuStrip1、为Icon属性添加一个图标文件；
(3)在contextMenuStrip1的Items属性中添加两个菜单选项toolStripMenuItem_Show和toolStripMenuItem_Exit，名称分别为“打开”和“退出”；
下面为事件
*/
//点击窗体右上角“关闭”按钮时最小化并托盘提示信息
private void MainFM_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
e.Cancel = true; // 取消关闭窗体
this.Hide();
this.notifyIcon1.Visible = true;//显示托盘图标
this.notifyIcon1.Text = "打开程序";
notifyIcon1.ShowBalloonTip(3000, "程序最小化提示", "程序已经缩小到托盘，打开窗口请双击图标即可。", ToolTipIcon.Info);
}
//双击打开程序
private void notifyIcon1_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ShowForm();
}
//右键点击“打开”打开程序
private void toolStripMenuItem_Show_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ShowForm();
}
//右键点击“退出”退出程序
private void toolStripMenuItem_Exit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
Application.Exit();
}
private void ShowForm()
{
this.Show();
if (this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized)
this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
this.Activate();
}

10、TextBox没输入文字时默认提示

  txtMsg.Enter += new EventHandler(txtMsg_Enter);
            txtMsg.Leave += new EventHandler(txtMsg_Leave);

//.......

 void txtMsg_Enter(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (txtMsg.Text == "这里输入用户名")
            {
                txtMsg.Text = "";
                txtMsg.ForeColor = Color.Black;
            }
        }
        void txtMsg_Leave(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (txtMsg.Text == "")
            {
                txtMsg.Text = "这里输入用户名";
                txtMsg.ForeColor = Color.DarkGray;
            }
        }