后端实现验证码功能

摘抄于 咕泡学院 的项目 gpmall

1.生成验证码图片和验证码

package com.gpmall.user.utils;

import com.gpmall.user.dal.entitys.ImageResult;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * 腾讯课堂搜索【咕泡学院】
 * 官网：www.gupaoedu.com
 * 风骚的Mic 老师
 * create-date: 2019/8/6-14:11
 */
public class VerifyCodeUtils {

    //使用到Algerian字体，系统里没有的话需要安装字体，字体只显示大写，去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
    public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    private static Random random = new Random();


    /**
     * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
     * @param verifySize	验证码长度
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
        return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
    }
    /**
     * 使用指定源生成验证码
     * @param verifySize	验证码长度
     * @param sources	验证码字符源
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
        if(sources == null || sources.length() == 0){
            sources = VERIFY_CODES;
        }
        int codesLen = sources.length();
        Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
        StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
        for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
            verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
        }
        return verifyCode.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException {
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /**
     * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException{
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /**
     * 生成指定验证码图像文件
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException{
        if(outputFile == null){
            return;
        }
        File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
        if(!dir.exists()){
            dir.mkdirs();
        }
        try{
            outputFile.createNewFile();
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
            fos.close();
        } catch(IOException e){
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 输出指定验证码图片流
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException{
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Random rand = new Random();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] { Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
                Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
                Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
        float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
        for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }
        Arrays.sort(fractions);

        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);

        //绘制干扰线
        Random random = new Random();
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
        }

        // 添加噪点
        float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w);
            int y = random.nextInt(h);
            int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
        }

        shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲

        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        int fontSize = h-4;
        Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
        for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
        }

        g2.dispose();
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
    }

    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        if (fc > 255)
            fc = 255;
        if (bc > 255)
            bc = 255;
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        for (int c : rgb) {
            color = color << 8;
            color = color | c;
        }
        return color;
    }

    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }
        return rgb;
    }

    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }

    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(2);

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);

        for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
                g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
            }
        }

    }

    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
            }

        }

    }
    public static ImageResult VerifyCode(int w, int h, int size) throws IOException {
        BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
        ImageResult rs = new ImageResult();
        String code = generateVerifyCode(size).toLowerCase();
        rs.setCode(code);
        ByteArrayOutputStream data = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        outputImage(w, h, data, code);
        rs.setImg(encoder.encode(data.toByteArray()));
        return rs;
    }

}

2. 关联的实体类

package com.gpmall.user.dal.entitys;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * 腾讯课堂搜索【咕泡学院】
 * 官网：www.gupaoedu.com
 * 风骚的Mic 老师
 * create-date: 2019/8/6-14:35
 */
@Data
public class ImageResult {
    String img;
    String code;
}

3. 得到验证码放入redis里，这块代码仅供参考思路

 @Override
    public KaptchaCodeResponse getKaptchaCode(KaptchaCodeRequest request) {
        KaptchaCodeResponse response=new KaptchaCodeResponse();
        try {
            ImageResult capText = VerifyCodeUtils.VerifyCode(140, 43, 4);
            response.setImageCode(capText.getImg());
            String uuid= UUID.randomUUID().toString();
            RBucket rBucket=redissonClient.getBucket(KAPTCHA_UUID+uuid);
            rBucket.set(capText.getCode());
            rBucket.expire(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            response.setImageCode(capText.getImg());
            response.setUuid(uuid);
            response.setCode(SysRetCodeConstants.SUCCESS.getCode());
            response.setMsg(SysRetCodeConstants.SUCCESS.getMessage());
        }catch (Exception e){
            log.error("KaptchaServiceImpl.getKaptchaCode occur Exception :"+e);
            ExceptionProcessorUtils.wrapperHandlerException(response,e);
        }
        return response;
    }

4.前端引用

 <div class="input">
                  <input type="text" v-model="registered.captcha" placeholder="验证码" style="width:650px;"/>
                  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                  <img id="imageCode" :src="imageCode" @click="init_geetest()"/>
                </div>


 init_geetest () {
      initKaptcha().then(res => {
        this.imageCode = 'data:image/gif;base64,' + res.result
      })
    }