有限元参考单元的质量矩阵计算

对于标准的三角单元，其质量矩阵中的基函数在该面积上的积分为：

$$\begin{array}{r}{\int }_0^1{\int }_0^{1-x}{\phi }_i(x,y){\phi }_k(x,y)dxdy\end{array}$$
基函数在节点上为分段线性插值函数，这些基函数这个标准三角形区域对应的表达式为
$$\begin{array}{rl}& {\phi }_1(x,y)=x\\ & {\phi }_2(x,y)=y\\ & {\phi }_3(x,y)=1-x-y\end{array}$$
对于$i$等于$k$的情况下，该面积积分有
$$\begin{array}{rl}1.i=k=1& {\int }_0^1{\int }_0^{1-x}x\cdot xdxdy\\ & ={\int }_0^1(1-x)x^{2}dx\\ & =(\frac{1}{3}{x}^2-\frac{1}{4}{x}^4){|}_0^1\\ & =\frac{1}{12}\\ 2.i=k=2& {\int }_0^1{\int }_0^{1-x}y\cdot ydxdy\\ & ={\int }_0^1\frac{1}{3}(1-x{)}^{3}dx\\ & =\left[-\frac{1}{12}(1-x{)}^4\right]{|}_0^1\\ & =\frac{1}{12}\\ 3.i=k=3& {\int }_0^1{\int }_0^{1-x}(1-x-y{)}^{2}dxdy\\ & ={\int }_0^1\frac{1}{3}(1-x{)}^{3}dx\\ & =\left[-\frac{1}{12}(1-x{)}^4\right]{|}_0^1\\ & =\frac{1}{12}\end{array}$$
当$i$不等于$k$时，有，
$$\begin{array}{rl}4.i=1,k=2& {\int }_0^1{\int }_0^{1-x}x\cdot ydxdy\\ & ={\int }_0^1\frac{1}{2}(x^3-2x^2+x)dx\\ & =\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{4}{x}^4-\frac{2}{3}{x}^3+\frac{1}{2}{x}^2){|}_0^1\\ & =\frac{1}{24}\\ 5.i=1,k=3& {\int }_0^1{\int }_0^{1-x}x\cdot (1-x-y)dxdy\\ & ={\int }_0^1\frac{1}{2}(x^3-2x^2+x)dx\\ & =\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{4}{x}^4-\frac{2}{3}{x}^3+\frac{1}{2}{x}^2){|}_0^1\\ & =\frac{1}{24}\\ 6.i=2,k=3& {\int }_0^1{\int }_0^{1-x}y\cdot (1-x-y)dxdy\\ & ={\int }_0^1\frac{1}{6}(1-x{)}^{3}dx\\ & =\frac{1}{6}(-\frac{1}{4}(1-x{)}^4){|}_0^1\\ & =\frac{1}{24}\end{array}$$
综上所述，可得在参考的标准单元上的质量矩阵为：
$${\int }_{\Omega }{\phi }_i(x,y){\phi }_k(x,y)dxdy=\{\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{12},当i=k时\\ \frac{1}{24},当i\ne k时\end{array}$$