Hibernate映射类继承之每个类层次结构一张表(父子类共用一张表,一个映射文件)

最新推荐文章于 2020-07-06 16:04:37 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2020-07-06 16:04:37 发布 · 1k 阅读

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hibernate

本文介绍了Hibernate如何将类层次结构映射到单一表中，利用辨别标志列区分不同子类。示例展示了BankAccount和CreditCard两个子类如何共用BillingDetails表，并通过discriminator值进行区分。在映射文件中，每个子类的属性被映射到同一表的不同列，允许子类属性为NULL以适应不同类的需求。

整个类层次结构可以被映射到单张表。这张表把所有类的所有属性的列都包括在层次结构中。由特定行表示的具体子类通过一个类型辨别标志列的值进行识别。这个映射策略在性能和简单性方面都胜出一筹。它是表示多态的最佳方法---多态和非多态的查询都执行得很好---并且更易于手工实现。不用复杂的联结或者联合也有可能生成特殊的报表。有一个重大的问题：子类声明的属性的列必须声明为可为空。

pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
    <groupId>hibernateTest</groupId>  
    <artifactId>hibernateTest</artifactId>  
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>  
    <packaging>jar</packaging>  
    <name>hibernateTest</name>  
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>  
    <dependencies>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>junit</groupId>  
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  
            <version>3.8.1</version>  
            <scope>test</scope>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>  
            <version>3.3.1.GA</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>  
            <artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId>  
            <version>1.5.2</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>javassist</groupId>  
            <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>  
            <version>3.4.GA</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>  
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>  
            <version>0.9.1</version>  
        </dependency>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>  
            <artifactId>ojdbc14</artifactId>  
            <version>10.2.0.3.0</version>  
            <scope>runtime</scope>  
        </dependency>  
    </dependencies>  
    <build>  
        <finalName>hibernateTest</finalName>  
        <resources>  
            <resource>  
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>  
            </resource>  
            <resource>  
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>  
                <excludes>  
                    <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>  
                </excludes>  
            </resource>  
        </resources>  
        <plugins>  
            <plugin>  
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>  
                <configuration>  
                    <source>1.6</source>  
                    <target>1.6</target>  
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>  
                </configuration>  
            </plugin>  
        </plugins>  
    </build>  
</project>

hibernate.cfg.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration  
    PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"  
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">  
<hibernate-configuration>  
    <session-factory name="sessionFactory">  
          
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE</property>  
        <property name="hibernate.connection.useUnicode">true</property>  
        <property name="hibernate.connection.characterEncoding">gbk</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">system</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">password</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">20</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">120</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">100</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">120</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">2</property>  
          
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property>  
          
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>  
          
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>  
          
        <mapping resource="pojo/BillingDetails.hbm.xml" /> 
    </session-factory>  
</hibernate-configuration>

父类, pojo/BillingDetails .java:

子类，pojo/BankAccount.java:

子类，pojo/CreditCard.java:

映射文件,pojo/BillingDetails.hbm.xml , 重点都在这个映射文件上，请注意些。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"  
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">  
<hibernate-mapping package="pojo">  
    <class name="BillingDetails" table="BILLING_DETAILS" dynamic-insert="true" dynamic-update="true">  
        <id name="id" column="BILLING_DETAILS_ID" type="string">
        	<generator class="uuid.hex" />
        </id> 
         
        <discriminator column="BILLING_DETAILS_TYPE" type="string"/>
        <property name="owner" column="OWNER" type="string" />
       
        <subclass name="BankAccount" discriminator-value="BA">
        	<property name="account" column="BA_ACCOUNT" type="string" />  
        	<property name="bankName" column="BA_BANKNAME" type="string" />  
        	<property name="swift" column="BA_SWIFT" type="string"/>
        </subclass>
        <subclass name="CreditCard" discriminator-value="CC">
        	<property name="number" column="CC_NUMBER" type="string" />    
        	<property name="expMonth" column="CC_EXP_MONTH" type="string" />    
        	<property name="expYear" column="CC_EXP_YEAR" type="string"/>  
        </subclass>
    </class>  
</hibernate-mapping>

util/HibernateUtil.java:

util/Manager.java:

输出的sql：

Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        BILLING_DETAILS
        (OWNER, CC_NUMBER, CC_EXP_MONTH, CC_EXP_YEAR, BILLING_DETAILS_TYPE, BILLING_DETAILS_ID) 
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?, 'CC', ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        BILLING_DETAILS
        (OWNER, BA_ACCOUNT, BA_BANKNAME, BA_SWIFT, BILLING_DETAILS_TYPE, BILLING_DETAILS_ID) 
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?, 'BA', ?)
Hibernate: 
    select
        creditcard0_.BILLING_DETAILS_ID as BILLING1_0_,
        creditcard0_.OWNER as OWNER0_,
        creditcard0_.CC_NUMBER as CC7_0_,
        creditcard0_.CC_EXP_MONTH as CC8_0_,
        creditcard0_.CC_EXP_YEAR as CC9_0_ 
    from
        BILLING_DETAILS creditcard0_ 
    where
        creditcard0_.BILLING_DETAILS_TYPE='CC'
Hibernate: 
    select
        bankaccoun0_.BILLING_DETAILS_ID as BILLING1_0_,
        bankaccoun0_.OWNER as OWNER0_,
        bankaccoun0_.BA_ACCOUNT as BA4_0_,
        bankaccoun0_.BA_BANKNAME as BA5_0_,
        bankaccoun0_.BA_SWIFT as BA6_0_ 
    from
        BILLING_DETAILS bankaccoun0_ 
    where
        bankaccoun0_.BILLING_DETAILS_TYPE='BA'

大家可以注意下打印出来的查询的sql语句。

上例中，继承层次结构的根类BillingDetails被映射到表：BILLING_DETAILS.

必须添加一个特殊的列以便在持久化类之间进行区分：辨别标志(discriminator)。这不是持久化类的属性，由hibernate内部使用。列名为BILLING_DETAILS_TYPE，值为字符串---在这个例子中，为"CC"或者"BA"。hibernate自动设置和获取辨别标志的值。

关于超类的属性，用简单的<property>元素映射.

每个子类都有自己的<subclass>元素。子类的属性被映射到BILLING_DETAILS表中的列。记住不允许NOT NULL约束，因为BankAccount实例不会有expMonth属性，且该行的CC_EXP_MONTH字段必须为NULL.

<subclass>元素可以依次包含其它被嵌套的<subclass>元素，直到整个层次结构被映射到表中。

请注意，这里只有一个表：BILLING_DETAILS ,包含了所有属性或字段。

BILLING_DETAILS表：

BILLING_DETAILS_ID

BILLING_DETAILS_TYPE

OWNER

CC_NUMBER