Spring事务管理的五种配置方式

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本文介绍五种Spring事务配置方法，包括每Bean一个代理、共享代理基类、使用拦截器等，并详细展示了对应的XML配置示例。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

     < bean id ="sessionFactory"
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < bean id ="userDao"
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >
            
            < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
         < property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
          < property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
         
         < property name ="transactionAttributes" >
             < props >
                 < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
     </ bean >
</ beans >

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

     < bean id ="sessionFactory"
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < bean id ="transactionBase"
            class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
            lazy-init ="true" abstract ="true" >
         
         < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
         
         < property name ="transactionAttributes" >
             < props >
                 < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase" >
         < property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
     </ bean >
</ beans >

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

     < bean id ="sessionFactory"
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < bean id ="transactionInterceptor"
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >
         < property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
         
         < property name ="transactionAttributes" >
             < props >
                 < prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             </ props >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     < bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >
         < property name ="beanNames" >
             < list >
                 < value > *Dao </ value >
             </ list >
         </ property >
         < property name ="interceptorNames" >
             < list >
                 < value > transactionInterceptor </ value >
             </ list >
         </ property >
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="userDao" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >
</ beans >

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

     < context:annotation-config />
     < context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />

     < bean id ="sessionFactory"
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
         < property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
         < property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
     </ bean >

     
     < bean id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
     </ bean >

     < tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
         < tx:attributes >
             < tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED" />
         </ tx:attributes >
     </ tx:advice >

     < aop:config >
         < aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
         < aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts" />
     </ aop:config >
</ beans >

第五种方式：全注解

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component( " userDao " )
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

     public List < User > listUsers() {
         return this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
    }

}