C++的智能指针

说实话以前用这个很少，一个指针打天下，不过都智能了，分配了就不管了，想来还是很方便。。。

1 unique_ptr

代码示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

class MyClass {
public:
    MyClass() { std::cout << "MyClass constructor\n"; }
    ~MyClass() { std::cout << "MyClass destructor\n"; }
    void display() { std::cout << "Displaying MyClass\n"; }
};

int main() {
    std::unique_ptr<MyClass> ptr1 = std::make_unique<MyClass>(); // 创建智能指针
    ptr1->display();

    // 转移所有权
    std::unique_ptr<MyClass> ptr2 = std::move(ptr1);
    if (!ptr1) {
        std::cout << "ptr1 is null\n";
    }

    ptr2->display();

    // 自动释放内存
    return 0;
}

结果：

ubuntu@VM-8-10-ubuntu:~/test/cpp$ ./a.out
MyClass constructor
Displaying MyClass
ptr1 is null
Displaying MyClass
MyClass destructor

2 shared_ptr

代码示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

class MyClass {
public:
    MyClass() { std::cout << "MyClass constructor\n"; }
    ~MyClass() { std::cout << "MyClass destructor\n"; }
    void display() { std::cout << "Displaying MyClass\n"; }
};

int main() {
    std::shared_ptr<MyClass> ptr1 = std::make_shared<MyClass>(); // 创建智能指针
    ptr1->display();

    {
        std::shared_ptr<MyClass> ptr2 = ptr1; // 共享所有权
        std::cout << "ptr2 use count: " << ptr2.use_count() << "\n";
        ptr2->display();
    } // ptr2超出作用域，不影响对象的生存

    std::cout << "ptr1 use count: " << ptr1.use_count() << "\n";

    // 自动释放内存
    return 0;
}

结果：

ubuntu@VM-8-10-ubuntu:~/test/cpp$ ./a.out
MyClass constructor
Displaying MyClass
ptr2 use count: 2
Displaying MyClass
ptr1 use count: 1
MyClass destructor

3 weak_ptr

代码示例：

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

class MyClass {
public:
    MyClass() { std::cout << "MyClass constructor\n"; }
    ~MyClass() { std::cout << "MyClass destructor\n"; }
    void display() { std::cout << "Displaying MyClass\n"; }
};

int main() {
    std::shared_ptr<MyClass> sharedPtr = std::make_shared<MyClass>(); // 创建智能指针
    std::weak_ptr<MyClass> weakPtr = sharedPtr; // 创建弱引用

    std::cout << "sharedPtr use count: " << sharedPtr.use_count() << "\n";

    if (auto tempPtr = weakPtr.lock()) { // 转换为std::shared_ptr
        tempPtr->display();
        std::cout << "tempPtr use count: " << tempPtr.use_count() << "\n";
    } else {
        std::cout << "Object is no longer available\n";
    }

    sharedPtr.reset(); // 释放sharedPtr

    if (auto tempPtr = weakPtr.lock()) { // 再次尝试转换
        tempPtr->display();
    } else {
        std::cout << "Object is no longer available\n";
    }

    return 0;
}

结果

ubuntu@VM-8-10-ubuntu:~/test/cpp$ ./a.out
MyClass constructor
sharedPtr use count: 1
Displaying MyClass
tempPtr use count: 2
MyClass destructor
Object is no longer available

4 小结

感觉刚开始用unique_ptr就够了，实在解决不了的场景再看看。。。