Android Recovery模式

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#android #command #cache #image #hook

本文详细介绍了Android系统的Recovery模式，包括启动流程、工作原理、命令解析等关键信息，并探讨了如何通过Recovery模式进行恢复出厂设置和OTA升级。

Android Recovery模式

来源: ChinaUnix博客　日期： 2009.04.25 22:58　(共有0条评论) 我要评论

Android
Recovery模式
(muddogxp 原创，转载请注明)
Recovery简介
Android利用Recovery模式，进行恢复出厂设置，OTA升级，patch升级及firmware升级。
升级一般通过运行升级包中的META-INF/com/google/android/update-script脚本来执行自定义升级，脚本中是一组recovery系统能识别的UI控制，文件系统操作命令，例如write_raw_image（写FLASH分区），copy_dir（复制目录）。该包一般被下载至SDCARD和CACHE分区下。如果对该包内容感兴趣，可以从http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=442480下载JF升级包来看看。
升级中还涉及到包的数字签名，签名方式和普通JAR文件签名差不错。公钥会被硬编译入recovery，编译时生成在：out/target/product/XX/obj/PACKAGING/ota_keys_inc_intermediates/keys.inc
G1中的三种启动模式
MAGIC KEY:

camera +
power：bootloader模式，ADP里则可以使用fastboot模式
home + power：recovery模式
正常启动

Bootloader正常启动，又有三种方式，按照BCB（Bootloader
Control Block, 下节介绍）中的command分类：

command == 'boot-recovery'
→ 启动recovery.img。recovery模式
command ==
'update-radio/hboot' → 更新firmware（bootloader)
其他 → 启动boot.img

Recovery涉及到的其他系统及文件

CACHE分区文件

- /cache/recovery/command：
  recovery命令，由主系统写入。所有命令如下：
  - --send_intent=anystring
    - write the text out to recovery.intent
  - --update_package=root:path
    - verify install an OTA package file
  - --wipe_data
    - erase user data (and cache), then reboot
  - --wipe_cache
    - wipe cache (but not user data), then reboot
- /cache/recovery/log：recovery过程日志，由主系统读出
- /cache/recovery/intent：recovery输出的intent
Recovery
工具通过NAND
cache分区上的三个文件和主系统打交道。主系统（包括恢复出厂设置和OTA升级）可以写入recovery所需的命令，读出recovery过程中的LOG和intent。
MISC分区内容

Bootloader Control Block
(BCB) 存放recovery
bootloader message。结构如下：

struct
bootloader_message {
- char
  command[32];
  char
  status[32]; // 未知用途
  char
  recovery[1024];
};
- command可以有以下两个值
  
  “boot-recovery”：标示recovery正在进行，或指示bootloader应该进入recovery
  mode
  
  “update-hboot/radio”：指示bootloader更新firmware
- recovery内容
  
  “recovery/n
  
  /n
  
  ”
  
  其中recovery
  command为CACHE:/recovery/command命令

两种Recovery
Case

FACTORY
RESET（恢复出厂设置）

用户选择“恢复出厂设置”
设置系统将"--wipe_data"命令写入/cache/recovery/command
系统重启，并进入recover模式（/sbin/recovery）
get_args()
将
"boot-recovery"和"--wipe_data"写入BCB
erase_root()
格式化（擦除）DATA分区
erase_root()
格式化（擦除）CACHE分区
finish_recovery()
擦除BCB
重启系统
- OTA
  INSTALL（OTA升级）
升级系统下载
OTA包到/cache/some-filename.zip
升级系统写入recovery命令"--update_package=CACHE:some-filename.zip"
重启，并进入recovery模式
get_args()
将"boot-recovery"
和
"--update_package=..."
写入BCB
install_package()
作升级
finish_recovery()
擦除 BCB
**
如果安装包失败 **
prompt_and_wait() 等待用户操作，选择ALT+S或ALT+W
升级或恢复出厂设置
main()
调用
maybe_install_firmware_update()
如果包里有hboot/radio的firmware则继续，否则返回
将
"boot-recovery"
和 "--wipe_cache"
写入BCB
将
firmware image写入cache分区
将
"update-radio/hboot"
和 "--wipe_cache"
写入BCB
重启系统
bootloader自身更新firmware
bootloader
将 "boot-recovery"
写入BCB
erase_root()
擦除CACHE分区
清除
BCB
main()
调用 reboot()
重启系统
Recovery模式流程
/init
→ init.rc →
/sbin/recovery →
main():recovery.c
- ui_init():ui.c
  ［UI initialize］
  - gr_init():minui/graphics.c
    ［set tty0 to graphic
    mode, open fb0]
  - ev_init():minui/events.c
    [open /dev/input/event*]
  - res_create_surface:minui/resource.c
    [create surfaces for all bitmaps used later, include icons, bmps]
  - create
    2 threads: progress/input_thread [create progress show and input
    event handler thread]
- get_args():recovery.c
  - get_bootloader_message():bootloader.c
    [read mtdblock0(misc partition) 2nd page for
    commandline]
  - check
    if nand misc partition has boot message. If yes, fill argc/argv.
  - If
    no, get arguments from /cache/recovery/command, and fill argc/argv.
  - set_bootloader_message():bootloader.c
    [set bootloader message back to mtdblock0]
- Parser
  argv[] filled above
- register_update_commands():commands.c
  [ register all commands with name and hook function ]
  - registerCommand():commands.c
    - Register
      command with name, hook, type, cookie.
    - Commands,
      e.g: assert, delete, copy_dir, symlink, write_raw_image.
  - registerFunction():commands.c
    - Register
      function with name, hook, cookie.
    - Function,
      e.g: get_mark, matches, getprop, file_contains
- install_package():
  - translate_root_path():roots.c
    [ "SYSTEM:lib" and turns it into a string like
    "/system/lib", translate the updater.zip path ]
  - mzOpenZipArchive():zip.c
    [ open updater.zip file (uncompass) ]
  - handle_update_package():install.c
    - verify_jar_signature():verifier.c
      [ verify signature with keys.inc key; verify manifest and zip
      package archive ]
      - verifySignature()
        [ verify the signature file: CERT.sf/rsa. ]
        
        digestEntry():verifier.c
        [ get SHA-1 digest of CERT.sf file ]
        
        RSA_verify(public
        key:keys.inc, signature:CERT.rsa, CERT.sf's digest):libc/rsa.c
        [ Verify a 2048 bit RSA PKCS1.5 signature against an expected
        SHA-1 hash. Use public key to decrypt the CERT.rsa to get
        original SHA digest, then compare to digest of CERT.sf ]
      - verifyManifest()
        [ Get manifest SHA1-Digest from CERT.sf. Then do digest to
        MANIFEST.MF. Compare them ]
      - verifyArchive()
        [ verify all the files in update.zip with digest listed in
        MANIFEST.MF ]
    - find_update_script():install.c
      [ find META-INF/com/google/android/update-script updater script ]
    - handle_update_script():install.c
      [ read cmds from script file, and do parser, exec ]
      - parseAmendScript():amend.c
        [ call yyparse() to parse to command ]
      - exeCommandList():install.c
        
        exeCommand():execute.c
        [ call command hook function ]
- erase
  DATA/CACHE partition
- prompt_and_wait():recovery.c
  [ wait for user input: 1) reboot 2) update.zip 3) wipe data ]
  - ui_key_xxx
    get ALT+x keys
  - 1)
    do nothing
  - 2)
    install_package('SDCARD:update.zip')
  - 3)
    erase_root() →
    format_root_device() DATA/CACHE
- may_install_firmware_update():firmware.c
  [ remember_firmware_update() is called by write_hboot/radio_image
  command, it stores the bootloader image to CACHE partition, and
  write update-hboot/radio command to MISC partition for bootloader
  message to let bootloader update itself after reboot ]
  - set_bootloader_message()
  - write_update_for_bootloader():bootloader.c
    [ write firmware image into CACHE partition with update_header,
    busyimage and failimage ]
- finish_recovery():recovery.c
  [ clear the recovery command and prepare to boot a (hopefully
  working) system, copy our log file to cache as well (for the system
  to read), and record any intent we were asked to communicate back to
  the system. ]
- reboot()
Recovery模式流程图
以下流程图绘制了系统从启动加载bootloader后的行为流程。