Spring容器ApplicationContext的初始化

前言

一、初始化入口

在基于Servlet+Spring的Web项目开发中，若未指定WebApplicationContext的实现类，将以XmlWebApplicationContext作为Spring容器的默认实现类。在Spring的ContextLoaderListener#contextInitialized或DispatcherServlet#init方法中，创建XmlWebApplicationContext实例后，都会调用#refresh方法来对Spring容器进行初始化。

抽象类AbstractApplicationContext#refresh方法，是Spring ApplicationContext的初始化入口。

二、#refresh方法简介

#refresh方法来org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext接口。

ConfigurableApplicationContext接口

ConfigurableApplicationContext接口对ApplicationContext接口进行了扩展，提供了更多的配置ApplicationContext的方法。

接口定义源码如下：

/**
 * SPI interface to be implemented by most if not all application contexts.
 * Provides facilities to configure an application context in addition
 * to the application context client methods in the
 * {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext} interface.
 *
 * <p>Configuration and lifecycle methods are encapsulated here to avoid
 * making them obvious to ApplicationContext client code. The present
 * methods should only be used by startup and shutdown code.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @since 03.11.2003
 */
public interface ConfigurableApplicationContext extends ApplicationContext, Lifecycle, Closeable {
...
}

#refresh方法
#refresh方法是ApplicationContext的启动方法，用于加载或刷新ApplicationContext配置。

#refresh源码如下：

	/**
	 * Load or refresh the persistent representation of the configuration,
	 * which might an XML file, properties file, or relational database schema.
	 * <p>As this is a startup method, it should destroy already created singletons
	 * if it fails, to avoid dangling resources. In other words, after invocation
	 * of that method, either all or no singletons at all should be instantiated.
	 * 
	 * @throws BeansException if the bean factory could not be initialized
	 * @throws IllegalStateException if already initialized and multiple refresh
	 * attempts are not supported
	 */
	void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException;

三、初始化过程

3.1 默认WebApplicationContext实现类-XmlWebApplicationContext

以XmlWebApplicationContext为例，分析#refresh方法的具体实现。

XmlWebApplicationContext的部分类图展示如下，关系较为复杂。

3.2 #refresh实现概览

在XmlWebApplicationContext的抽象父类AbstractApplicationContext中，对#refresh方法提供了模板实现。

AbstractApplicationContext#refresh源码如下：

	@Override
	public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
			// Prepare this context for refreshing.
			prepareRefresh();

			// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

			// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
			prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

			try {
				// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
				invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Initialize message source for this context.
				initMessageSource();

				// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
				onRefresh();

				// Check for listener beans and register them.
				registerListeners();

				// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				// Last step: publish corresponding event.
				finishRefresh();
			}

			catch (BeansException ex) {
				if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
					logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
							"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
				}

				// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
				destroyBeans();

				// Reset 'active' flag.
				cancelRefresh(ex);

				// Propagate exception to caller.
				throw ex;
			}

			finally {
				// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
				// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
				resetCommonCaches();
			}
		}
	}

#refresh方法包含以下几部分：

• 最外层通过synchronized(this.startupShutdownMonitor)使得容器的#refresh、#destroy是个同步操作；
• try代码块是ApplicationContext的初始化相关操作；
• 若执行过程中抛出异常，则执行catch代码块，来销毁已创建的单例bean；
• finally代码块来重置Spring中的缓存。

#refresh方法主要步骤：

• #obtainFreshBeanFactory：创建beanFactory，根据配置文件加载BeanDefinition到beanFactory;
• #invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors：实例化、执行BeanFactoryPostProcessor，对beanFactory进行全局处理。
• #registerBeanPostProcessors：实例化BeanFactory中的BeanPostProcessor；
• #initMessageSource：注册MessageSource实例到beanFactory，用于系统国际化配置；
• #initApplicationEventMulticaster：注册ApplicationEventMulticaster实例到beanFactory；
• #registerListeners：将beanFactory中ApplicationListener关联到ApplicationEventMulticaster，并将earlyApplicationEvents推送给监听器；
• #finishBeanFactoryInitialization：初始化所有剩余的非延迟加载的单例bean；
• #finishRefresh：回调容器生命周期方法；广播ContextRefreshedEvent事件，表示ApplicationContext初始化或刷新完成；

3.3 初始化过程中的常见扩展点