Pytest是一个功能强大的Python测试框架，以其简单灵活、支持参数化和广泛的应用场景而著称。它不仅适用于单元测试和功能测试，还可用于自动化测试（如selenium/appnium）和接口测试。此外，Pytest拥有丰富的第三方插件，如pytest-selenium、pytest-html等，支持测试用例的skip和xfail处理，可与jenkins集成，并能生成allure测试报告。
Pytest一个非常成熟的全功能的Python测试框架，主要有以下几个特点：
1.简单灵活，容易上手
2.支持参数化
3.能够支持简单的单元测试和复杂的功能测试，还可以用来做selenium/appnium等自动化测试、接口自动化测试（pytest+requests）
4.pytest具有很多第三方插件，并且可以自定义扩展，比较好用的如pytest-selenium（集成selenium）、pytest-html（完美html测试报告生成）、pytest-rerunfailures（失败case重复执行）、pytest-xdist（多CPU分发）等
5.测试用例的skip和xfail处理
6.可以很好的和jenkins集成
7.report框架----allure 也支持了pytest
具体步骤如下所示：
安装Pytest
C:\Users\admin>pip install -U pytest
Collecting pytest
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d6/36/9e022b76a3ac440e1d750c64fa6152469f988efe0c568b945e396e2693b5/pytest-6.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (272kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 276kB 935kB/s
Collecting py>=1.8.2 (from pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/68/0f/41a43535b52a81e4f29e420a151032d26f08b62206840c48d14b70e53376/py-1.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (99kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 102kB 1.1MB/s
Collecting toml (from pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/e1/1b40b80f2e1663a6b9f497123c11d7d988c0919abbf3c3f2688e448c5363/toml-0.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pluggy<1.0,>=0.12 (from pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a0/28/85c7aa31b80d150b772fbe4a229487bc6644da9ccb7e427dd8cc60cb8a62/pluggy-0.13.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting colorama; sys_platform == "win32" (from pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/44/98/5b86278fbbf250d239ae0ecb724f8572af1c91f4a11edf4d36a206189440/colorama-0.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting attrs>=17.4.0 (from pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/14/df/479736ae1ef59842f512548bacefad1abed705e400212acba43f9b0fa556/attrs-20.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (48kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 1.1MB/s
Collecting importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8" (from pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6d/6d/f4bb28424bc677bce1210bc19f69a43efe823e294325606ead595211f93e/importlib_metadata-2.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting iniconfig (from pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9b/dd/b3c12c6d707058fa947864b67f0c4e0c39ef8610988d7baea9578f3c48f3/iniconfig-1.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting packaging (from pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/46/19/c5ab91b1b05cfe63cccd5cfc971db9214c6dd6ced54e33c30d5af1d2bc43/packaging-20.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting atomicwrites>=1.0; sys_platform == "win32" (from pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2c/a0/da5f49008ec6e9a658dbf5d7310a4debd397bce0b4db03cf8a410066bb87/atomicwrites-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting zipp>=0.5 (from importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/41/ad/6a4f1a124b325618a7fb758b885b68ff7b058eec47d9220a12ab38d90b1f/zipp-3.4.0-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pyparsing>=2.0.2 (from packaging->pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/bb/488841f56197b13700afd5658fc279a2025a39e22449b7cf29864669b15d/pyparsing-2.4.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 1.1MB/s
Collecting six (from packaging->pytest)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ee/ff/48bde5c0f013094d729fe4b0316ba2a24774b3ff1c52d924a8a4cb04078a/six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: py, toml, zipp, importlib-metadata, pluggy, colorama, attrs, iniconfig, pyparsing, six, packaging, atomicwrites, pytest
Successfully installed atomicwrites-1.4.0 attrs-20.2.0 colorama-0.4.4 importlib-metadata-2.0.0 iniconfig-1.1.1 packaging-20.4 pluggy-0.13.1 py-1.9.0 pyparsing-2.4.7 pytest-6.1.1 six-1.15.0 toml-0.10.1 zipp-3.4.0
查看Pytest
C:\Users\admin>pip show pytest
Name: pytest
Version: 6.1.1
Summary: pytest: simple powerful testing with Python
Home-page: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/
Author: Holger Krekel, Bruno Oliveira, Ronny Pfannschmidt, Floris Bruynooghe, Brianna Laugher, Florian Bruhin and others
Author-email: None
License: MIT
Location: c:\python\lib\site-packages
Requires: py, atomicwrites, pluggy, attrs, packaging, importlib-metadata, colorama, toml, iniconfig
Required-by:
1.Pytest命令行执行测试
1.查看Pytest参数
C:\Users\admin>pytest -h
usage: pytest [options] [file_or_dir] [file_or_dir] [...]
positional arguments:
file_or_dir
general:
-k EXPRESSION only run tests which match the given substring expression. An expression is a python evaluatable
expression where all names are substring-matched against test names and their parent classes.
Example: -k 'test_method or test_other' matches all test functions and classes whose name
contains 'test_method' or 'test_other', while -k 'not test_method' matches those that don't
contain 'test_method' in their names. -k 'not test_method and not test_other' will eliminate the
matches. Additionally keywords are matched to classes and functions containing extra names in
their 'extra_keyword_matches' set, as well as functions which have names assigned directly to
them. The matching is case-insensitive.
-m MARKEXPR only run tests matching given mark expression.
For example: -m 'mark1 and not mark2'.
--markers show markers (builtin, plugin and per-project ones).
-x, --exitfirst exit instantly on first error or failed test.
--fixtures, --funcargs
show available fixtures, sorted by plugin appearance (fixtures with leading '_' are only shown
with '-v')
--fixtures-per-test show fixtures per test
--pdb start the interactive Python debugger on errors or KeyboardInterrupt.
--pdbcls=modulename:classname
start a custom interactive Python debugger on errors. For example:
--pdbcls=IPython.terminal.debugger:TerminalPdb
--trace Immediately break when running each test.
--capture=method per-test capturing method: one of fd|sys|no|tee-sys.
-s shortcut for --capture=no.
--runxfail report the results of xfail tests as if they were not marked
--lf, --last-failed rerun only the tests that failed at the last run (or all if none failed)
--ff, --failed-first run all tests, but run the last failures first.
This may re-order tests and thus lead to repeated fixture setup/teardown.
--nf, --new-first run tests from new files first, then the rest of the tests sorted by file mtime
--cache-show=[CACHESHOW]
show cache contents, don't perform collection or tests. Optional argument: glob (default: '*').
--cache-clear remove all cache contents at start of test run.
--lfnf={all,none}, --last-failed-no-failures={all,none}
which tests to run with no previously (known) failures.
--sw, --stepwise exit on test failure and continue from last failing test next time
--stepwise-skip ignore the first failing test but stop on the next failing test
reporting:
--durations=N show N slowest setup/test durations (N=0 for all).
--durations-min=N Minimal duration in seconds for inclusion in slowest list. Default 0.005
-v, --verbose increase verbosity.
--no-header disable header
--no-summary disable summary
-q, --quiet decrease verbosity.
--verbosity=VERBOSE set verbosity. Default is 0.
-r chars show extra test summary info as specified by chars: (f)ailed, (E)rror, (s)kipped, (x)failed,
(X)passed, (p)assed, (P)assed with output, (a)ll except passed (p/P), or (A)ll. (w)arnings are
enabled by default (see --disable-warnings), 'N' can be used to reset the list. (default: 'fE').
--disable-warnings, --disable-pytest-warnings
disable warnings summary
-l, --showlocals show locals in tracebacks (disabled by default).
--tb=style traceback print mode (auto/long/short/line/native/no).
--show-capture={no,stdout,stderr,log,all}
Controls how captured stdout/stderr/log is shown on failed tests. Default is 'all'.
--full-trace don't cut any tracebacks (default is to cut).
--color=color color terminal output (yes/no/auto).
--code-highlight={yes,no}
Whether code should be highlighted (only if --color is also enabled)
--pastebin=mode send failed|all info to bpaste.net pastebin service.
--junit-xml=path create junit-xml style report file at given path.
--junit-prefix=str prepend prefix to classnames in junit-xml output
pytest-warnings:
-W PYTHONWARNINGS, --pythonwarnings=PYTHONWARNINGS
set which warnings to report, see -W option of python itself.
--maxfail=num exit after first num failures or errors.
--strict-config any warnings encountered while parsing the `pytest` section of the configuration file raise
errors.
--strict-markers, --strict
markers not registered in the `markers` section of the configuration file raise errors.
-c file load configuration from `file` instead of trying to locate one of the implicit configuration
files.
--continue-on-collection-errors
Force test execution even if collection errors occur.
--rootdir=ROOTDIR Define root directory for tests. Can be relative path: 'root_dir', './root_dir',
'root_dir/another_dir/'; absolute path: '/home/user/root_dir'; path with variables:
'$HOME/root_dir'.
collection:
--collect-only, --co only collect tests, don't execute them.
--pyargs try to interpret all arguments as python packages.
--ignore=path ignore path during collection (multi-allowed).
--ignore-glob=path ignore path pattern during collection (multi-allowed).
--deselect=nodeid_prefix
deselect item (via node id prefix) during collection (multi-allowed).
--confcutdir=dir only load conftest.py's relative to specified dir.
--noconftest Don't load any conftest.py files.
--keep-duplicates Keep duplicate tests.
--collect-in-virtualenv
Don't ignore tests in a local virtualenv directory
--import-mode={prepend,append,importlib}
prepend/append to sys.path when importing test modules and conftest files, default is to
prepend.
--doctest-modules run doctests in all .py modules
--doctest-report={none,cdiff,ndiff,udiff,only_first_failure}
choose another output format for diffs on doctest failure
--doctest-glob=pat doctests file matching pattern, default: test*.txt
--doctest-ignore-import-errors
ignore doctest ImportErrors
--doctest-continue-on-failure
for a given doctest, continue to run after the first failure
test session debugging and configuration:
--basetemp=dir base temporary directory for this test run.(warning: this directory is removed if it exists)
-V, --version display pytest version and information about plugins.When given twice, also display information
about plugins.
-h, --help show help message and configuration info
-p name early-load given plugin module name or entry point (multi-allowed).
To avoid loading of plugins, use the `no:` prefix, e.g. `no:doctest`.
--trace-config trace considerations of conftest.py files.
--debug store internal tracing debug information in 'pytestdebug.log'.
-o OVERRIDE_INI, --override-ini=OVERRIDE_INI
override ini option with "option=value" style, e.g. `-o xfail_strict=True -o cache_dir=cache`.
--assert=MODE Control assertion debugging tools.
'plain' performs no assertion debugging.
'rewrite' (the default) rewrites assert statements in test modules on import to provide assert
expression information.
--setup-only only setup fixtures, do not execute tests.
--setup-show show setup of fixtures while executing tests.
--setup-plan show what fixtures and tests would be executed but don't execute anything.
logging:
--log-level=LEVEL level of messages to catch/display.
Not set by default, so it depends on the root/parent log handler's effective level, where it is
"WARNING" by default.
--log-format=LOG_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-date-format=LOG_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-cli-level=LOG_CLI_LEVEL
cli logging level.
--log-cli-format=LOG_CLI_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-cli-date-format=LOG_CLI_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-file=LOG_FILE path to a file when logging will be written to.
--log-file-level=LOG_FILE_LEVEL
log file logging level.
--log-file-format=LOG_FILE_FORMAT
log format as used by the logging module.
--log-file-date-format=LOG_FILE_DATE_FORMAT
log date format as used by the logging module.
--log-auto-indent=LOG_AUTO_INDENT
Auto-indent multiline messages passed to the logging module. Accepts true|on, false|off or an
integer.
[pytest] ini-options in the first pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg file found:
markers (linelist): markers for test functions
empty_parameter_set_mark (string):
default marker for empty parametersets
norecursedirs (args): directory patterns to avoid for recursion
testpaths (args): directories to search for tests when no files or directories are given in the command line.
filterwarnings (linelist):
Each line specifies a pattern for warnings.filterwarnings. Processed after -W/--pythonwarnings.
usefixtures (args): list of default fixtures to be used with this project
python_files (args): glob-style file patterns for Python test module discovery
python_classes (args):
prefixes or glob names for Python test class discovery
python_functions (args):
prefixes or glob names for Python test function and method discovery
disable_test_id_escaping_and_forfeit_all_rights_to_community_support (bool):
disable string escape non-ascii characters, might cause unwanted side effects(use at your own
risk)
console_output_style (string):
console output: "classic", or with additional progress information ("progress" (percentage) |
"count").
xfail_strict (bool): default for the strict parameter of xfail markers when not given explicitly (default: False)
enable_assertion_pass_hook (bool):
Enables the pytest_assertion_pass hook.Make sure to delete any previously generated pyc cache
files.
junit_suite_name (string):
Test suite name for JUnit report
junit_logging (string):
Write captured log messages to JUnit report: one of no|log|system-out|system-err|out-err|all
junit_log_passing_tests (bool):
Capture log information for passing tests to JUnit report:
junit_duration_report (string):
Duration time to report: one of total|call
junit_family (string):
Emit XML for schema: one of legacy|xunit1|xunit2
doctest_optionflags (args):
option flags for doctests
doctest_encoding (string):
encoding used for doctest files
cache_dir (string): cache directory path.
log_level (string): default value for --log-level
log_format (string): default value for --log-format
log_date_format (string):
default value for --log-date-format
log_cli (bool): enable log display during test run (also known as "live logging").
log_cli_level (string):
default value for --log-cli-level
log_cli_format (string):
default value for --log-cli-format
log_cli_date_format (string):
default value for --log-cli-date-format
log_file (string): default value for --log-file
log_file_level (string):
default value for --log-file-level
log_file_format (string):
default value for --log-file-format
log_file_date_format (string):
default value for --log-file-date-format
log_auto_indent (string):
default value for --log-auto-indent
faulthandler_timeout (string):
Dump the traceback of all threads if a test takes more than TIMEOUT seconds to finish.
addopts (args): extra command line options
minversion (string): minimally required pytest version
required_plugins (args):
plugins that must be present for pytest to run
environment variables:
PYTEST_ADDOPTS extra command line options
PYTEST_PLUGINS comma-separated plugins to load during startup
PYTEST_DISABLE_PLUGIN_AUTOLOAD set to disable plugin auto-loading
PYTEST_DEBUG set to enable debug tracing of pytest's internals
to see available markers type: pytest --markers
to see available fixtures type: pytest --fixtures
(shown according to specified file_or_dir or current dir if not specified; fixtures with leading '_' are only shown with the '-v' option
2.Pytest重要参数
C:\PO\test>pytest -v -k ascending pytest_test.py
============================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-6.1.1, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- c:\python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: C:\PO\test
collected 3 items / 3 deselected
============================================================================ 3 deselected in 0.03s =============================================================================
6.Pytest测试报告
C:\Users\admin>pip install -U pytest-html
Collecting pytest-html
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/a7/34f195c514d39b4453619b3eb284989e5adb09a2a68ac09ce3779f9b9478/pytest_html-2.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pytest>=5.0 in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest-html) (6.1.1)
Collecting pytest-metadata (from pytest-html)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/48/4a/9b7cd1743b9b27e482f14440e677869993c4d4ed1c4c80b7cb94efa91ec3/pytest_metadata-1.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: toml in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (0.10.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: py>=1.8.2 in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (1.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: atomicwrites>=1.0; sys_platform == "win32" in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (1.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: colorama; sys_platform == "win32" in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (0.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: attrs>=17.4.0 in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (20.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: packaging in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (20.4)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8" in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (2.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pluggy<1.0,>=0.12 in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (0.13.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: iniconfig in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (1.1.1)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from packaging->pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (2.4.7)
Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: zipp>=0.5 in c:\python\lib\site-packages (from importlib-metadata>=0.12; python_version < "3.8"->pytest>=5.0->pytest-html) (3.4.0)
Installing collected packages: pytest-metadata, pytest-html
Successfully installed pytest-html-2.1.1 pytest-metadata-1.10.0
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