ruby_Ruby简介

ruby

Ruby is an object-oriented programming language developed by Yukihiro Matsumoto. Ruby is a dynamic programming language with a complex but at the same time expressive grammar. Ruby also has a core class library with a rich and powerful API.

Ruby是由Yukihiro Matsumoto开发的一种面向对象的编程语言。 Ruby是一种动态编程语言 ，具有复杂但同时具有表现力的语法 。 Ruby还具有一个核心类库，该库具有丰富而强大的API。

Ruby is inspired by other low level and object oriented programming languages like Lisp, Smalltalk, and Perl and uses syntax that is easy for C and Java programmers to learn.

Ruby受到Lisp ， Smalltalk和Perl等其他面向对象的低级编程语言的启发，并且使用的语法易于C和Java程序员学习。

Ruby, a dynamic and open source programming language with a focus on simplicity and productivity, has an elegant syntax that is natural to read and easy to write.

Ruby是一种动态且开源的编程语言，其重点是简单性和生产率，它具有优雅的语法，易于阅读和编写。

Although it's easy to program in Ruby, it is not a simple language.

尽管使用Ruby编程很容易，但它不是一种简单的语言。

Ruby的功能 (Features of Ruby)

1. Object Oriented : Every values in Ruby is an object, even the most primitive things like strings, numbers and even true and false. So, Ruby is a pure Object Oriented Language. Every object has a class and every class has one superclass.

   面向对象： Ruby中的每个值都是一个对象，即使是最原始的东西，例如字符串，数字，甚至是true和false。 因此，Ruby是一种纯粹的面向对象语言。 每个对象都有一个类，每个类都有一个超类。

2. Dynamic : Ruby is a very dynamic programming language. Ruby programs aren't compiled like C or Java programs. All things in a program are built by the code when it is run. A program can also modify its own definitions while running.

   动态： Ruby是一种非常动态的编程语言。 Ruby程序不能像C或Java程序那样进行编译。 程序中的所有内容都是在运行时由代码构建的。 程序在运行时还可以修改自己的定义。

3. Singleton Classes : Every object in Ruby has two classes: a regular class and a singleton class. An object's singleton class is nameless class whose only instances is that object. Singleton classes are created automatically and make Ruby simple and elegant.

   单例类： Ruby中的每个对象都有两个类： regular class和singleton class 。 对象的单例类是无名类，其唯一实例是该对象。 Singleton类是自动创建的，使Ruby简单而优雅。

4. Metaprogramming : Everything in Ruby are objects. You can use them to learn about them or even modify them, while your program is running. This technique is called metaprogramming.

   元编程： Ruby中的一切都是对象。 您可以在程序运行时使用它们来了解它们，甚至可以对其进行修改。 这种技术称为元编程。

5. Flexibility : Methods can be added to existing classes without sub classing, operators can be overloaded, and even the behaviour of the standard library can be redefined at runtime.

   灵活性：无需子类就可以将方法添加到现有类中，可以重载运算符，甚至可以在运行时重新定义标准库的行为。

6. Variables and scopes : Programmer do not need to declare variables or variable scope in ruby. The name of the variable automatically determines its scope.

   变量和范围：程序员无需在ruby中声明变量或变量范围。 变量的名称自动确定其范围。

   
   
   

   Examples :
   var is a local variable.
   $var is a global variable.
   @var is an instance variable.
   @@var is a class variable.

   例子 ：
   var是局部变量。
   $var是全局变量。
   @var是一个实例变量。
   @@var是一个类变量。

Ruby：高级功能 (Ruby: Advanced Features)

• Exceptions for handling errors.

  处理错误的异常。

• Garbage Collector.

  垃圾收集器。

• OS - independent threading, which allows you to write multi-threaded applications even on operating systems such as DOS.

  操作系统-独立的线程，即使在DOS等操作系统上，也可以编写多线程应用程序。

• You can write extensions to Ruby in C.

  您可以在C中为Ruby编写扩展。

为什么要去Ruby？ (Why you should go for Ruby?)

• Ruby is a server-side scripting language.

  Ruby是一种服务器端脚本语言。

• Ruby can be embedded into HTML.

  Ruby可以嵌入到HTML中。

• Ruby has similar syntax to that of many programming languages like C and Java.

  Ruby的语法与C和Java等许多编程语言的语法相似。

• Ruby supports mostly all the platforms like Windows, Mac and Linux.

  Ruby几乎支持所有平台，例如Windows，Mac和Linux。

• Ruby can be easily connected to Oracle, MySQL, DB2.

  Ruby可以轻松连接到Oracle，MySQL，DB2。

翻译自: https://www.studytonight.com/ruby/introduction-to-ruby

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