impdp&expdp的content和include选项

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本文通过实验展示了如何在Oracle环境下使用expdp和impdp命令进行分区表数据的导出与导入，包括理解content参数（data_only, metadata_only）的作用，以及在导入时排除索引的方法。

由于导出和导入时需要关注索引是否被导入，进行实验。

本实验主要目的是理解content的两个参数项：date_only和metadata_only，其中涉及include。

 

 

1.分别使用以下三种方式导出分区表ACTIVE_PARTITION的数据、元数据

expdp  scott/scott  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp1.dmp  logfile=scott_expdp1.log tables=ACTIVE_PARTITION

expdp  scott/scott  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp2.dmp  logfile=scott_expdp2.log tables=ACTIVE_PARTITION content=data_only

expdp  scott/scott  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp3.dmp  logfile=scott_expdp3.log tables=ACTIVE_PARTITION content=metadata_only

 

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ expdp  scott/scott  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp1.dmp  logfile=scott_expdp1.log tables=ACTIVE_PARTITION

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 9 14:45:17 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02":  scott/******** directory=HOME_O dumpfile=scott_expdp1.dmp logfile=scott_expdp1.log tables=ACTIVE_PARTITION

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8.5 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P5"             5.896 MB   60275 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P4"             459.5 KB    5033 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P3"             385.1 KB    3834 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P1"             280.8 KB    2847 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P2"             31.52 KB     226 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02 is:

  /home/oracle/scott_expdp1.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02" successfully completed at 14:45:28

 

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ expdp  scott/scott  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp2.dmp  logfile=scott_expdp2.log tables=ACTIVE_PARTITION content=data_only

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 9 14:45:41 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02":  scott/******** directory=HOME_O dumpfile=scott_expdp2.dmp logfile=scott_expdp2.log tables=ACTIVE_PARTITION content=data_only

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8.5 MB

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P5"             5.896 MB   60275 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P4"             459.5 KB    5033 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P3"             385.1 KB    3834 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P1"             280.8 KB    2847 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P2"             31.52 KB     226 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02 is:

  /home/oracle/scott_expdp2.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02" successfully completed at 14:45:47

 

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ expdp  scott/scott  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp3.dmp  logfile=scott_expdp3.log tables=ACTIVE_PARTITION content=metadata_only

 

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 9 14:45:56 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02":  scott/******** directory=HOME_O dumpfile=scott_expdp3.dmp logfile=scott_expdp3.log tables=ACTIVE_PARTITION content=metadata_only

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02 is:

  /home/oracle/scott_expdp3.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_02" successfully completed at 14:46:06

 

2.新建用户scott2，授予权限（实验中粗糙授权）

SQL> create user scott2 identified by scott2;

 

User created.

 

SQL> grant dba to scott2;

 

Grant succeeded.

 

SQL> grant connect ,resource to scott2;

 

Grant succeeded.

 

3.使用第一种方式导出的数据，导入时索引和数据都会被导入

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ impdp  scott2/scott2  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp1.dmp  logfile=scott_impdp1.log remap_schema=scott:scott2

 

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 9 14:49:55 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  scott2/******** directory=HOME_O dumpfile=scott_expdp1.dmp logfile=scott_impdp1.log remap_schema=scott:scott2

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P5"            5.896 MB   60275 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P4"            459.5 KB    5033 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P3"            385.1 KB    3834 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P1"            280.8 KB    2847 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P2"            31.52 KB     226 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 14:53:28

 

 

SQL> set lines 200

SQL> select index_name,owner,index_type from dba_indexes where table_name='ACTIVE_PARTITION';

 

INDEX_NAME                     OWNER                          INDEX_TYPE

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------------

SYS_C0011466                   SCOTT2                         NORMAL

SYS_C0011431                   SCOTT                          NORMAL

 

SQL> select TABLE_OWNER,TABLE_NAME,partition_name from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='ACTIVE_PARTITION' and table_owner='SCOTT2';

 

TABLE_OWNER                    TABLE_NAME                     PARTITION_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------

SCOTT2                         ACTIVE_PARTITION               P1

SCOTT2                         ACTIVE_PARTITION               P2

SCOTT2                         ACTIVE_PARTITION               P3

SCOTT2                         ACTIVE_PARTITION               P4

SCOTT2                         ACTIVE_PARTITION               P5

 

 

 

SQL> drop table scott2.active_partition;

 

Table dropped.

 

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

 

 

4.使用第二种方式导入，由于没有表结构，会报错

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ impdp  scott2/scott2  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp2.dmp  logfile=scott_impdp2.log remap_schema=scott:scott2

 

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 9 15:00:30 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  scott2/******** directory=HOME_O dumpfile=scott_expdp2.dmp logfile=scott_impdp2.log remap_schema=scott:scott2

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

ORA-39126: Worker unexpected fatal error in KUPW$WORKER.UPATE_TD_ROW_IMP [15]

TABLE_DATA:"SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P1"

ORA-31603: object "ACTIVE_PARTITION" of type TABLE not found in schema "SCOTT2"

 

ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 105

ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPW$WORKER", line 8170

 

----- PL/SQL Call Stack -----

  object      line  object

  handle    number  name

0x43301f90     19028  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90      8191  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90     18608  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90      4104  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90      8874  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90      1651  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x455bc588         2  anonymous block

 

ORA-39126: Worker unexpected fatal error in KUPW$WORKER.UPATE_TD_ROW_IMP [15]

TABLE_DATA:"SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P1"

ORA-31603: object "ACTIVE_PARTITION" of type TABLE not found in schema "SCOTT2"

 

ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_SYS_ERROR", line 105

ORA-06512: at "SYS.KUPW$WORKER", line 8170

 

----- PL/SQL Call Stack -----

  object      line  object

  handle    number  name

0x43301f90     19028  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90      8191  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90     18608  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90      4104  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90      8874  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x43301f90      1651  package body SYS.KUPW$WORKER

0x455bc588         2  anonymous block

 

Job "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" stopped due to fatal error at 15:00:36

 

 

5.content=metadata_only表示只导入结构，不导入数据；而content=data_only是只导入数据。两者依次导入则等同于不加该参数。

如果需要在导入时排除索引，可以添加其他参数。

 

下面使用exclude=index是无效的，从导入日志可以看到导入了CONSTRAINT，因此主键索引、唯一键索引都被导入了

 

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ impdp  scott2/scott2  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp3.dmp  logfile=scott_impdp3.log remap_schema=scott:scott2 exclude=index

 

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 9 15:14:16 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02":  scott2/******** directory=HOME_O dumpfile=scott_expdp3.dmp logfile=scott_impdp3.log remap_schema=scott:scott2 exclude=index

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02" successfully completed at 15:14:24

 

 

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Mar 9 15:14:36 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

 

SQL> select index_name,owner,index_type from dba_indexes where table_name='ACTIVE_PARTITION';

 

INDEX_NAME                     OWNER

------------------------------ ------------------------------

INDEX_TYPE

---------------------------

SYS_C0011477                   SCOTT2

NORMAL

 

SYS_C0011431                   SCOTT

NORMAL

 

 

SQL> drop table scott2.ACTIVE_PARTITION;

 

Table dropped.

 

 

正确的方法是导入时指定include=table/table,然后导入数据

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ impdp  scott2/scott2  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp3.dmp  logfile=scott_impdp3.log remap_schema=scott:scott2 include=table/table

 

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 9 15:20:12 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02":  scott2/******** directory=HOME_O dumpfile=scott_expdp3.dmp logfile=scott_impdp3.log remap_schema=scott:scott2 include=table/table

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Job "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02" successfully completed at 15:20:18

 

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ impdp  scott2/scott2  directory=HOME_O   dumpfile=scott_expdp2.dmp  logfile=scott_impdp2.log remap_schema=scott:scott2

 

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 9 15:20:53 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02":  scott2/******** directory=HOME_O dumpfile=scott_expdp2.dmp logfile=scott_impdp2.log remap_schema=scott:scott2

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P5"            5.896 MB   60275 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P4"            459.5 KB    5033 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P3"            385.1 KB    3834 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P1"            280.8 KB    2847 rows

. . imported "SCOTT2"."ACTIVE_PARTITION":"P2"            31.52 KB     226 rows

Job "SCOTT2"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02" successfully completed at 15:21:04

 

[oracle@ogg2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Mar 9 15:21:10 2015

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

 

SQL> set lines 200

SQL> select index_name,owner,index_type from dba_indexes where table_name='ACTIVE_PARTITION';

 

INDEX_NAME                     OWNER                          INDEX_TYPE

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------------

SYS_C0011431                   SCOTT                          NORMAL

 

注意，这时只看到了scott下的索引，scott2下是没导入的。

 

 

include参数的格式为：

INCLUDE = object_type[:name_clause] [, ...]

 

其中object_type指定了可以包含的对象类型，可以通过以下视图查看：

全局   select OBJECT_PATH?from DATABASE_EXPORT_OBJECTS;

用户级 select OBJECT_PATH?from SCHEMA_EXPORT_OBJECTS  ;

表级   select OBJECT_PATH?from TABLE_EXPORT_OBJECTS   ;

 

 

name_clause是可选的，可以用双引号包含具体的对象名称。

 

根据官方文档建议（utility 87页）：最好使用参数文件来包含此类需要添加较多双引号的参数。

如：

hr.par文件内容为：

SCHEMAS=HR

DUMPFILE=expinclude.dmp

DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1

LOGFILE=expinclude.log

INCLUDE=TABLE:"IN ('EMPLOYEES', 'DEPARTMENTS')"

INCLUDE=PROCEDURE

INCLUDE=INDEX:"LIKE 'EMP%'"

 

指定的导出（导入）语句为：

expdp hr PARFILE=hr.par

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Data Pump 反映了整个导出/导入过程的完全革新。不使用常见的 SQL 命令，而是应用专用 API（direct path api etc) 来以更快得多的速度加载和卸载数据。 expdp 和 impdp Oracle 10g引入了最新的数据泵（Data Dump）技术
数据泵 expdp/impdp常用命令详解（超详细）
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数据泵 expdp/impdp常用命令详解
expdp和impdp的用法详解
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ORCALE10G提供了新的导入导出工具，数据泵。 Oracle官方对此的形容是：OracleDataPump technology enables Very High-Speed movement of data and metadata from one database to another.其中Very High-Speed是亮点。 先说数据泵提供的主要特性（包括，但不限于）：
expdp/impdp exclude/include 参数
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impdp dbmgr/*** dumpfile=smdbdata_0810_.dump logfile=log1.log directory=dp_dir full=y remap_schema=smdbdata:kmf...
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