Android--RSA加密解密

本文介绍了如何在Android中使用RSA算法进行加密和解密,包括如何使用OpenSSL工具生成密钥对,以及如何将私钥进行PKCS#8编码以便于在代码中使用。详细讲解了密钥对的生成过程,并提到了去除密钥文件头尾字符串以供代码使用的注意事项。
RSA算法原理如下:

1.随机选择两个大质数p和q,p不等于q,计算N=pq; 
2.选择一个大于1小于N的自然数e,e必须与(p-1)(q-1)互素。 
3.用公式计算出d:d×e = 1 (mod (p-1)(q-1)) 。
4.销毁p和q。

最终得到的N和e就是“公钥”,d就是“私钥”,发送方使用N去加密数据,接收方只有使用d才能解开数据内容。

RSAUtils工具类:

package com.example.xiaobai.aes;

import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

/**
 * Created by xiaobai on 2017/12/7/007.
 */

public class RSAUtils {
    public static final String RSA = "RSA";// 非对称加密密钥算法
    public static final String ECB_PKCS1_PADDING = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";//加密填充方式
    public static final int DEFAULT_KEY_SIZE = 2048;//秘钥默认长度
    public static final byte[] DEFAULT_SPLIT = "#PART#".getBytes();    // 当要加密的内容超过bufferSize,则采用partSplit进行分块加密
    public static final int DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE = (DEFAULT_KEY_SIZE / 8) - 11;// 当前秘钥支持加密的最大字节数

    /**
     * 随机生成RSA密钥对
     *
     * @param keyLength 密钥长度,范围:512~2048
     *                  一般1024
     * @return
     */
    public static KeyPair generateRSAKeyPair(int keyLength) {
        try {
            KeyPairGenerator kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA);
            kpg.initialize(keyLength);
            return kpg.genKeyPair();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 用公钥对字符串进行加密
     *
     * @param data 原文
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] publicKey) throws Exception {
        // 得到公钥
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKey);
        KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA);
        PublicKey keyPublic = kf.generatePublic(keySpec);
        // 加密数据
        Cipher cp = Cipher.getInstance(ECB_PKCS1_PADDING);
        cp.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyPublic);
        return cp.doFinal(data);
    }

    /**
     * 私钥加密
     *
     * @param data       待加密数据
     * @param privateKey 密钥
     * @return byte[] 加密数据
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, byte[] privateKey) throws Exception {
        // 得到私钥
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKey);
        KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA);
        PrivateKey keyPrivate = kf.generatePrivate(keySpec);
        // 数据加密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ECB_PKCS1_PADDING);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keyPrivate);
        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }

    /**
     * 公钥解密
     *
     * @param data      待解密数据
     * @param publicKey 密钥
     * @return byte[] 解密数据
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, byte[] publicKey) throws Exception {
        // 得到公钥
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKey);
        KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA);
        PublicKey keyPublic = kf.generatePublic(keySpec);
        // 数据解密
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ECB_PKCS1_PADDING);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyPublic);
        return cipher.doFinal(data);
    }

    /**
     * 使用私钥进行解密
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] encrypted, byte[] privateKey) throws Exception {
        // 得到私钥
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(privateKey);
        KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA);
        PrivateKey keyPrivate = kf.generatePrivate(keySpec);

        // 解密数据
        Cipher cp = Cipher.getInstance(ECB_PKCS1_PADDING);
        cp.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, keyPrivate);
        byte[] arr = cp.doFinal(encrypted);
        return arr;
    }

    /**
     * 用公钥对字符串进行分段加密
     *
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPublicKeyForSpilt(byte[] data, byte[] publicKey) throws Exception {
        int dataLen = data.length;
        if (dataLen <= DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE) {
            return encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);
        }
        List<Byte> allBytes = new ArrayList<Byte>(2048);
        int bufIndex = 0;
        int subDataLoop = 0;
        byte[] buf = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE];
        for (int i = 0; i < dataLen; i++) {
            buf[bufIndex] = data[i];
            if (++bufIndex == DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE || i == dataLen - 1) {
                subDataLoop++;
                if (subDataLoop != 1) {
                    for (byte b : DEFAULT_SPLIT) {
                        allBytes.add(b);
                    }
                }
                byte[] encryptBytes = encryptByPublicKey(buf, publicKey);
                for (byte b : encryptBytes) {
                    allBytes.add(b);
                }
                bufIndex = 0;
                if (i == dataLen - 1) {
                    buf = null;
                } else {
                    buf = new byte[Math.min(DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE, dataLen - i - 1)];
                }
            }
        }
        byte[] bytes = new byte[allBytes.size()];
        {
            int i = 0;
            for (Byte b : allBytes) {
                bytes[i++] = b.byteValue();
            }
        }
        return bytes;
    }

    /**
     * 分段加密
     *
     * @param data       要加密的原始数据
     * @param privateKey 秘钥
     */
    public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKeyForSpilt(byte[] data, byte[] privateKey) throws Exception {
        int dataLen = data.length;
        if (dataLen <= DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE) {
            return encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);
        }
        List<Byte> allBytes = new ArrayList<Byte>(2048);
        int bufIndex = 0;
        int subDataLoop = 0;
        byte[] buf = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE];
        for (int i = 0; i < dataLen; i++) {
            buf[bufIndex] = data[i];
            if (++bufIndex == DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE || i == dataLen - 1) {
                subDataLoop++;
                if (subDataLoop != 1) {
                    for (byte b : DEFAULT_SPLIT) {
                        allBytes.add(b);
                    }
                }
                byte[] encryptBytes = encryptByPrivateKey(buf, privateKey);
                for (byte b : encryptBytes) {
                    allBytes.add(b);
                }
                bufIndex = 0;
                if (i == dataLen - 1) {
                    buf = null;
                } else {
                    buf = new byte[Math.min(DEFAULT_BUFFERSIZE, dataLen - i - 1)];
                }
            }
        }
        byte[] bytes = new byte[allBytes.size()];
        {
            int i = 0;
            for (Byte b : allBytes) {
                bytes[i++] = b.byteValue();
            }
        }
        return bytes;
    }

    /**
     * 公钥分段解密
     *
     * @param encrypted 待解密数据
     * @param publicKey 密钥
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPublicKeyForSpilt(byte[] encrypted, byte[] publicKey) throws Exception {
        int splitLen = DEFAULT_SPLIT.length;
        if (splitLen <= 0) {
            return decryptByPublicKey(encrypted, publicKey);
        }
        int dataLen = encrypted.length;
        List<Byte> allBytes = new ArrayList<Byte>(1024);
        int latestStartIndex = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < dataLen; i++) {
            byte bt = encrypted[i];
            boolean isMatchSplit = false;
            if (i == dataLen - 1) {
                // 到data的最后了
                byte[] part = new byte[dataLen - latestStartIndex];
                System.arraycopy(encrypted, latestStartIndex, part, 0, part.length);
                byte[] decryptPart = decryptByPublicKey(part, publicKey);
                for (byte b : decryptPart) {
                    allBytes.add(b);
                }
                latestStartIndex = i + splitLen;
                i = latestStartIndex - 1;
            } else if (bt == DEFAULT_SPLIT[0]) {
                // 这个是以split[0]开头
                if (splitLen > 1) {
                    if (i + splitLen < dataLen) {
                        // 没有超出data的范围
                        for (int j = 1; j < splitLen; j++) {
                            if (DEFAULT_SPLIT[j] != encrypted[i + j]) {
                                break;
                            }
                            if (j == splitLen - 1) {
                                // 验证到split的最后一位,都没有break,则表明已经确认是split段
                                isMatchSplit = true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    // split只有一位,则已经匹配了
                    isMatchSplit = true;
                }
            }
            if (isMatchSplit) {
                byte[] part = new byte[i - latestStartIndex];
                System.arraycopy(encrypted, latestStartIndex, part, 0, part.length);
                byte[] decryptPart = decryptByPublicKey(part, publicKey);
                for (byte b : decryptPart) {
                    allBytes.add(b);
                }
                latestStartIndex = i + splitLen;
                i = latestStartIndex - 1;
            }
        }
        byte[] bytes = new byte[allBytes.size()];
        {
            int i = 0;
            for (Byte b : allBytes) {
                bytes[i++] = b.byteValue();
            }
        }
        return bytes;
    }

    /**
     * 使用私钥分段解密
     *
     */
    public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKeyForSpilt(byte[] encrypted, byte[] privateKey) throws Exception
RSA封装类 ,完整的RSA加密解密 public class RSAUtilEncrypt { public static final String KEY_ALGORTHM = "RSA";// public static final String KEY_ALGORTHM_RSA_ECB_PKCS1PADDING = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding"; public static String RSA_PUBLIC_KEY = "rsa_public_key"; public static String RSA_PRIVATE_KEY = "rsa_private_key"; private int KeySize = 1024; private Map keyMap; private static String RSA = "RSA"; private static PublicKey publickey; public RSAUtilEncrypt(int KeySize,String publickey) { this.KeySize = KeySize; try { this.publickey=generatePublicKeyByString(publickey); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } private RSAPublicKey generatePublicKeyByString(String publicKeyStr) throws Exception { try { BASE64Decoder base64Decoder = new BASE64Decoder(); byte[] buffer = base64Decoder.decodeBuffer(publicKeyStr); X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(buffer); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA"); return (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { throw new Exception("No Algorthm,Checked by cemung!"); } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) { throw new Exception("InvalidKeySpec!"); } catch (IOException e) { throw new Exception("Io exception!"); } catch (NullPointerException e) { throw new Exception("Illegle pointer reference!"); } } // Encypt public byte[] RSAEncrypt(byte[] data, RSAPublicKey publickey) throws Exception { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(KEY_ALGORTHM_RSA_ECB_PKCS1PADDING); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, this.publickey); byte[] cipherbytes = cipher.doFinal(data); return cipherbytes; } // Encypt public byte[] RSAEncrypt(byte[] data) throws Exception { Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(KEY_ALGORTHM_RSA_ECB_PKCS1PADDING); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, this.publickey); byte[] cipherbytes = cipher.doFinal(data); return cipherbytes; } // Get Public key with format byte[] public byte[] getPublicKeyByte() { RSAPublicKey pubkey = (RSAPublicKey) keyMap.get(RSA_PUBLIC_KEY); return pubkey.getEncoded(); } public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception { return (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key); } public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception { return (new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key); } public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key); PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec( keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORTHM); Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key); X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORTHM); Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key); X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORTHM); Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } 使用方法 private RSAUtilEncrypt rsa = new RSAUtilEncrypt(1024, publikey); /* * 给信息加密,获取密文 */ public String getCiphertext(String str_encrode) { try { byte[] estr = rsa.RSAEncrypt(str_encrode.getBytes()); // 密文 String ciphertext = Base64.encodeToString(estr, Base64.DEFAULT); return ciphertext; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } 有疑问的留言
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