类的成员变量 声明顺序 决定 初始化顺序（构造函数初始化列表不影响）

类成员的声明顺序决定初始化顺序；
构造函数初始化列表不影响初始化顺序；

C++初始化类成员时，是按照声明的顺序初始化的，而不是按照出现在初始化列表中的顺序。

class B
{
public:
    //m_b = 2,m_a = 1
    B():m_a(1),m_b(m_a+1)
    {
        cout << "m_b = " << m_b << ",m_a = " << m_a << endl;
    }
    //m_b = 2,m_a = 1
    B():m_b(m_a+1),m_a(1)
    {
        cout << "m_b = " << m_b << ",m_a = " << m_a << endl;
    }
    //上述两个结果一样的，可以判断初始化顺序由声明顺序决定。

    //m_b = 1,m_a = -1218015231
    B():m_b(1),m_a(m_b+1)
    {
        cout << "m_b = " << m_b << ",m_a = " << m_a << endl;
    }
private:
    //声明顺序
    int m_a;
    int m_b;
};
int main()
{
    B b;
}

例子：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A
{
public:
    A():a(1),b(8){cout<< "A()"<<endl;}
    int a;
    int b;
};

class B
{
public:
    B():m_b(a.b),m_a(a.a) //构造函数初始化列表
    {
    cout << "m_b = " << m_b << ",m_a = " << m_a << endl;
    }

private:
    //下列为：声明顺序
    int m_a;
    //A a;
    int m_b;
    A a;
};

class C: public B
{};

int main()
{
    B b;
    C c;
    return 1;
}

不同情况，两种结果：
当使用//A a;时，下面结果：m_a为随机值

A()
m_b = 8,m_a = 0
A()
m_b = 8,m_a = -1076785724

当使用A a;时，下面结果：m_a、m_b为随机值

A()
m_b = -1218158592,m_a = 134514971
A()
m_b = -1219712267,m_a = -1076671652