C++ 标准库之iomanip

C++ 语言下
头文件：#include <iomanip>
说明：是I/O流控制头文件,就像C里面的格式化输出一样

在此需要说一下，有效位数默认是6位，即setprecision(6)，即小数点前面和小数点后面加起来的位数为6个有效数字（注意会四舍五入）。
另外，科学计数法输出E与十六进制输出默认是以小写的，要换成大写需添加uppercase
而setw(n)设置宽度，若是实际宽度大于被设置的，则setw函数此时失效。

以下是测试程序:
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std ; int main() { double PI=3.141592654; cout<<PI<<endl; cout<<setprecision(2)<<PI<<endl; cout<<fixed<<setprecision(2)<<PI<<endl; cout<<setfill('*')<<setw(20)<<setprecision(10)<<PI<<endl; cout<<setfill('*')<<setw(20)<<setprecision(10)<<left<<PI<<endl; cout<<scientific<<setprecision(10)<<PI<<endl; cout<<scientific<<uppercase<<setprecision(10)<<PI<<endl; return 0 ; }
结果如下：
 

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以下是<iomanip>头文件的声明：
// iomanip standard header #pragma once #ifndef _IOMANIP_ #define _IOMANIP_ #ifndef RC_INVOKED #include <istream> #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma pack(push,_CRT_PACKING) #pragma warning(push,3) #endif /* _MSC_VER */ _STD_BEGIN // TEMPLATE STRUCT _Fillobj template<class _Elem> struct _Fillobj { // store fill character _Fillobj(_Elem _Ch) : _Fill(_Ch) { // construct from fill character } _Elem _Fill; // the fill character }; // TEMPLATE FUNCTION setfill template<class _Elem> inline _Fillobj<_Elem> __CLRCALL_OR_CDECL setfill(_Elem _Ch) { // return a _Fillobj manipulator return (_Fillobj<_Elem>(_Ch)); } template<class _Elem, class _Traits> inline basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& __CLRCALL_OR_CDECL operator>>(basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istr, const _Fillobj<_Elem>& _Manip) { // set fill character in input stream _Istr.fill(_Manip._Fill); return (_Istr); } template<class _Elem, class _Traits> inline basic_ostream<_Elem, _Traits>& __CLRCALL_OR_CDECL operator<<(basic_ostream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Ostr, const _Fillobj<_Elem>& _Manip) { // set fill character in output stream _Ostr.fill(_Manip._Fill); return (_Ostr); } // TEMPLATE STRUCT _Smanip template<class _Arg> struct _Smanip { // store function pointer and argument value _Smanip(void (__cdecl *_Left)(ios_base&, _Arg), _Arg _Val) : _Pfun(_Left), _Manarg(_Val) { // construct from function pointer and argument value } void (__cdecl *_Pfun)(ios_base&, _Arg); // the function pointer _Arg _Manarg; // the argument value }; template<class _Elem, class _Traits, class _Arg> inline basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& __CLRCALL_OR_CDECL operator>>( basic_istream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Istr, const _Smanip<_Arg>& _Manip) { // extract by calling function with input stream and argument (*_Manip._Pfun)(_Istr, _Manip._Manarg); return (_Istr); } template<class _Elem, class _Traits, class _Arg> inline basic_ostream<_Elem, _Traits>& __CLRCALL_OR_CDECL operator<<( basic_ostream<_Elem, _Traits>& _Ostr, const _Smanip<_Arg>& _Manip) { // insert by calling function with output stream and argument (*_Manip._Pfun)(_Ostr, _Manip._Manarg); return (_Ostr); } // INSTANTIATIONS _MRTIMP2 _Smanip<ios_base::fmtflags> __cdecl resetiosflags(ios_base::fmtflags); _MRTIMP2 _Smanip<ios_base::fmtflags> __cdecl setiosflags(ios_base::fmtflags); _MRTIMP2 _Smanip<int> __cdecl setbase(int); _MRTIMP2 _Smanip<streamsize> __cdecl setprecision(streamsize); _MRTIMP2 _Smanip<streamsize> __cdecl setw(streamsize); _STD_END #ifdef _MSC_VER #pragma warning(pop) #pragma pack(pop) #endif /* _MSC_VER */ #endif /* RC_INVOKED */ #endif /* _IOMANIP_ */ /* * Copyright (c) 1992-2006 by P.J. Plauger. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. * Consult your license regarding permissions and restrictions. V5.02:0009 */