Java学习笔记 --- 第八章内容练习

这篇博客主要介绍了Java编程的学习练习,包括Person类的排序、访问修饰符、教师类及其子类的设计、员工工资计算、多态概念及应用、动态绑定机制等。通过一系列的实例和代码演示,深入探讨了Java编程的基础知识和核心概念。

类型一

定义一个Person类(name,age,job),初始化Person对象数组,有3个Person对象,并按照age从大到小进行排序

public class Homework01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //定义一个Person类(name,age,job),初始化Person对象数组,
        //有3个Person对象,并按照age从大到小进行排序

        //对象初始化
        Person p1 = new Person("张三", 30, "老师");
        Person p2 = new Person("李四", 50, "校长");
        Person p3 = new Person("铁蛋", 10, "学生");
        //创建数组
        Person[] p = {p1, p2, p3};
        //输出当前对象数组
        for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(p[i]);
        }
        System.out.println("=====排序后=====");
        Person n1 = null;//临时变量,用于交换
        int n2 = p.length - 1;//表示数组的下标
        //冒泡排序
        for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n2 - i; j++) {
                //如果前面的age小于后面的age就进行交换
                if(p[i].age < p[i + 1].age) {
                    n1 = p[i];
                    p[i] = p[i + 1];
                    p[i + 1] = n1;
                }
            }
        }
        //输出结果
        for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(p[i]);
        }
    }
}

class Person {
    String name;
    int age;
    String job;

    public Person(String name, int age, String job) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.job = job;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", job='" + job + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

输出:

练习二 

写出四种访问修饰符和各自的访问权限

class Homework02 {
    //写出四种访问修饰符和各自的访问权限
    
    public int n1 = 10;
    //访问权限:1.同类 2.同包 3.子类 4.不同包

    protected int n2 = 20;
    //访问权限:1.同类 2.同包 3.子类

    int n3 = 30;
    //访问权限:1.同类 2.同包

    private int n4 = 40;
    //访问权限:1.同类
}

练习三

编写老师类

要求有属性 名字name,年龄age,职位post,基本工资salary

编写业务方法,introduce(),实现输出一个教师的信息

编写教师类的三个子类:教授类(Professor)、副教授、讲师类工资级别分别为:教授为1.3、副教授为1.2、讲师类1.1。在三个子类里面都重写父类的introduce方法

定义并初始化一个老师对象,调用业务方法,实现对象基本信息的后台打印

public class Homework03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Professor professor = new Professor("张三", 50, "教授", 9000, 1.3);
        Assprofessor assprofessor = new Assprofessor("李四", 40, "副教授", 7000, 1.2);
        Lecturer lecturer = new Lecturer("老王", 28, "讲师", 5000, 1.1);
        professor.introduce();
        assprofessor.introduce();
        lecturer.introduce();
    }
}

class Teacher {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String post;
    private double salary;
    private double grade;

    public Teacher(String name, int age, String post, double salary, double grade) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.post = post;
        this.salary = salary;
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public Teacher(String name, int age, String post, double salary) {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getPost() {
        return post;
    }

    public void setPost(String post) {
        this.post = post;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public double getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    public void setGrade(double grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public void introduce() {
        System.out.println("名字=" + name + " 年龄=" + age + " 职位=" +
                           post + " 基本工资=" + salary + " 工资级别=" + grade);
    }
}

class Professor extends Teacher{

    public Professor(String name, int age, String post, double salary, double grade) {
        super(name, age, post, salary, grade);
    }

    @Override
    public void introduce() {
        super.introduce();
    }
}

class Assprofessor extends Teacher {
    public Assprofessor(String name, int age, String post, double salary, double grade) {
        super(name, age, post, salary, grade);
    }
    
    @Override
    public void introduce() {
        super.introduce();
    }
}

class Lecturer extends Teacher {
    public Lecturer(String name, int age, String post, double salary, double grade) {
        super(name, age, post, salary, grade);
    }

    @Override
    public void introduce() {
        super.introduce();
    }
}

练习四

通过继承实现员工工资核算打印功能

父类:员工类

子类:部门经理类、普通员工类

部门经理工资 = 1000 + 单日工资 * 天数 * 等级(1.2)

普通员工工资 =  单日工资 * 天数 * 等级(1.1)

员工属性:姓名,单日工资,工作天数

员工方法:打印工资

普通员工和经理部门但是员工的子类,需要重写打印工资方法

定义并初始化员工对象,调用打印工资的方法

public class Homework04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Manger manger = new Manger("张三", 500, 30, 1.2);
        //设置奖金
        manger.setBonus(1000);
        manger.wages();

        OrEmployees orEmployees = new OrEmployees("李四", 200, 30, 1.1);
        orEmployees.wages();
    }
}

class Employee {
    //属性
    private String name;
    private double salary;
    private int days;
    private double grade;

    public Employee(String name, double salary, int days, double grade) {
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
        this.days = days;
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public int getDays() {
        return days;
    }

    public void setDays(int days) {
        this.days = days;
    }

    public double getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    public void setGrade(double grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    //打印工资
    public void wages() {
        System.out.println(name + "的工资是=" + (salary * days * grade));
    }
}

class Manger extends Employee {
    //特有属性,奖金
    private double bonus;

    public Manger(String name, double salary, int days, double grade) {
        super(name, salary, days, grade);
    }

    public double getBonus() {
        return bonus;
    }

    public void setBonus(double bonus) {
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }

    //重写父类方法
    @Override
    public void wages() {
        System.out.println("经理");
        System.out.println(getName() + "的工资是=" + (bonus + getSalary() *
                           getDays() * getGrade()));
    }
}

class OrEmployees extends Employee {
    public OrEmployees(String name, double salary, int days, double grade) {
        super(name, salary, days, grade);
    }

    @Override
    public void wages() {
        System.out.println("普通员工");
        super.wages();
    }
}

练习五

设计父类:员工类

子类:工人类,农民类,教师类,科学家类,服务员类

其中工人,农民,服务生,只有基本工资

教师除基本工资外,还有课酬(元/天)

科学家除基本工资外,还有年终奖

将各种类型的员工的全年工资打印出来

public class Homework05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Worker worker = new Worker("工人", 10000);
        worker.Annsalary();

        Peasant peasant = new Peasant("农民", 3000);
        peasant.Annsalary();

        Waiter waiter = new Waiter("服务员", 4000);
        waiter.Annsalary();

        Teacher05 teacher05 = new Teacher05("教师", 5000);
        teacher05.setDaysal(60);
        teacher05.Annsalary();

        Scientist scientist = new Scientist("科学家", 30000);
        scientist.setAnnsalary(50000);
        scientist.Annsalary();
    }
}

class Employee05 {
    //基本工资
    private String name;
    private double salary;

    public Employee05(String name, double salary) {
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    //计算全年工资
    public void Annsalary() {
        System.out.println(name + " 的年工资是= " + (salary * 12));
    }
}
//工人
class Worker extends Employee05{
    public Worker(String name, double salary) {
        super(name, salary);
    }

    @Override
    public void Annsalary() {
        super.Annsalary();
    }
}
//农民
class Peasant extends Employee05 {
    public Peasant(String name, double salary) {
        super(name, salary);
    }

    @Override
    public void Annsalary() {
        super.Annsalary();
    }
}
//服务员
class Waiter extends Employee05 {
    public Waiter(String name, double salary) {
        super(name, salary);
    }

    @Override
    public void Annsalary() {
        super.Annsalary();
    }
}
//教师
class Teacher05 extends Employee05 {
    //特有属性课酬
    private double daysal;
    public Teacher05(String name, double salary) {
        super(name, salary);
    }

    public double getDaysal() {
        return daysal;
    }

    public void setDaysal(double daysal) {
        this.daysal = daysal;
    }

    @Override
    public void Annsalary() {
        System.out.println(getName() + " 的年工资是=" +
                          ((daysal * 30) + getSalary()) * 12);
    }
}
//科学家
class Scientist extends Employee05 {
    //特有属性年终奖
    private double annsalary;
    public Scientist(String name, double salary) {
        super(name, salary);
    }

    public double getAnnsalary() {
        return annsalary;
    }

    public void setAnnsalary(double annsalary) {
        this.annsalary = annsalary;
    }

    @Override
    public void Annsalary() {
        System.out.println(getName() + " 的年工资是=" +
                           ((getSalary() * 12) + annsalary));
    }
}

练习六

练习七

 输出结果:

Test

Demo

Rose

Jack

john

Jack

练习八

public class Homework08 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        CheckingAccount ch = new CheckingAccount(1000);
//        ch.deposit(500);
//        ch.withdraw(500);
//        ch.cbalance();

        SavingsAccount sa = new SavingsAccount(1000);
        sa.deposit(10);
        sa.deposit(10);
        sa.deposit(10);
        System.out.println(sa.getBalance());
        sa.deposit(10);
        System.out.println(sa.getBalance());
        //月初自动调用earnMonthlyInterest方法
        sa.earnMonthlyInterest();//重置手续费次数,增加利息
        System.out.println(sa.getBalance());
        sa.withdraw(100);
        System.out.println(sa.getBalance());
    }
}

class BankAccount {
    //余额
    private double balance;

    public BankAccount(double balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }

    public void setBalance(double balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }
    //存款
    public void deposit(double amount) {
        balance += amount;
    }
    //取款
    public void withdraw(double amount) {
        balance -= amount;
    }
}

class CheckingAccount extends BankAccount {
    public CheckingAccount(int balance) {
        super(balance);
    }

    @Override
    public void deposit(double amount) {
        super.deposit(amount - 1);
    }

    @Override
    public void withdraw(double amount) {
        super.withdraw(amount + 1);
    }

    public void cbalance() {
        System.out.println("当前余额为:" + super.getBalance());
    }
}

class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount {
    //特有属性
    private int count = 3;
    private double rate = 0.01;//利率

    public SavingsAccount(double balance) {
        super(balance);
    }

    public int getCount() {
        return count;
    }

    public void setCount(int count) {
        this.count = count;
    }

    public double getRate() {
        return rate;
    }

    public void setRate(double rate) {
        this.rate = rate;
    }

    @Override
    public void deposit(double amount) {
        //判断是否可以免手续费
        if (count > 0) {
            super.deposit(amount);
        }else {
            super.deposit(amount - 1);
        }
        count--;//减去一次
    }

    @Override
    public void withdraw(double amount) {
        //判断是否可以免手续费
        if (count > 0) {
            super.withdraw(amount);
        }else {
            super.withdraw(amount + 1);
        }
        count--;//减去一次
    }
    //每个月初重置免手续费次数,统计上个月的利息
    public void earnMonthlyInterest() {
        count = 3;
        super.deposit(getBalance() * rate);
    }
}

练习九

设计一个Point类,其x和y坐标可以通过构造器提供。提供一个子类LabeledPoint,其更准确接受一个标签值和x,y坐标,写出对应的构造器即可

public class Homework09 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LabeledPoint black = new LabeledPoint("Black Thursday", 1929, 230.07);
    }
}

class Point {
    private double x;
    private double y;

    public Point(double x, double y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    public double getX() {
        return x;
    }

    public void setX(double x) {
        this.x = x;
    }

    public double getY() {
        return y;
    }

    public void setY(double y) {
        this.y = y;
    }
}

class LabeledPoint extends Point {
    private String black;

    public LabeledPoint( String black, double x, double y) {
        super(x, y);
        this.black = black;
    }
}

练习十

编写Doctor类{name,age,iob,gender,sal},重写父类的euqals方法

判断测试类中创建的两个对象是否相等,属性是否相同

public class Homework10 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Doctor d1 = new Doctor("张三", 20, "老师", '男', 5000);
        Doctor d2 = new Doctor("张三", 20, "老师", '男', 5000);
        System.out.println(d1 == d2);
        System.out.println(d1.equals(d2));
    }
}

class Doctor {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String job;
    private char gender;
    private double sal;

    public Doctor(String name, int age, String job, char gender, double sal) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.job = job;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.sal = sal;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getJob() {
        return job;
    }

    public void setJob(String job) {
        this.job = job;
    }

    public char getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(char gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public double getSal() {
        return sal;
    }

    public void setSal(double sal) {
        this.sal = sal;
    }

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        //判断两个对象是否是同一个
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        //判断是否是Doctor类型或者是其子类
        if (!(obj instanceof Doctor)) {//不是的话
            return false;
        }
        //向下转型
        Doctor d = (Doctor) obj;
        return this.name == d.name && this.age == d.age && this.job == d.job &&
                this.gender == d.gender && this.sal == d.sal;
    }
}

练习十一

public class Homework11 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //向上转型
        Person11 p = new Student();
        p.run();//方法看编译类型
        p.eat();
        //向下转型
        Student s = (Student) p;
        s.run();
        s.study();
        s.eat();
    }
}

class Person11 {
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("person run");
    }
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("person eat");
    }
}

class Student extends Person11 {
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("student run");
    }

    public void study() {
        System.out.println("student study");
    }
}

 

练习十二 

练习十三 

public class Homework13 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Homework13 h = new Homework13();

        Person13[] p = new Person13[4];
        p[0] = new Teacher13("张三", '男', 30, "足球", 5);
        p[1] = new Teacher13("老六", '男', 50, "象棋", 20);
        p[2] = new Student13("铁蛋", '男', 15, "羽毛球", "20220202");
        p[3] = new Student13("小六", '女', 17, "游戏", "20220209");
        
        //7.按照年龄大小进行排序
        Person13 n1 = null;//定义临时变量,用于交换
        for (int i = 0; i < p.length - 1; i++) {//外层循环
            for (int j = 0; j < p.length -1 - i; j++) {
                //判断如果前面的年龄小于后面的年龄就交换
                if (p[j].getAge() < p[j + 1].getAge()) {
                    n1 = p[j];
                    p[j] = p[j + 1];
                    p[j + 1] = n1;
                }
            }
        }
        //输出信息
        for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
            p[i].sae();
            h.tese(p[i]);
            System.out.println(p[i].play());
            System.out.println("-----------------");
        }
    }

    //8.定义方法,形参为Person类型 功能:调用老师的teach方法或学生的study方法
    public void tese(Person13 p) {
        if (p instanceof Teacher13) {
            ((Teacher13) p).teach();
        }else {
            ((Student13) p).study();
        }
    }
}

class Person13 {
    private String name;
    private char sex;
    private int age;
    private String hobby;

    public Person13(String name, char sex, int age, String hobby) {
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.age = age;
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public char getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(char sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getHobby() {
        return hobby;
    }

    public void setHobby(String hobby) {
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }

    public void sae() {
        System.out.println("姓名:" + name + "\n" + "年龄:" + age + "\n" +
                           "性别:" + sex);
    }

    public String play() {
        return name + "爱玩" + hobby;
    }
}

class Teacher13 extends Person13 {
    //工龄
    private int workage;

    public Teacher13(String name, char sex, int age, String hobby, int workage) {
        super(name, sex, age, hobby);
        this.workage = workage;
    }

    public int getWorkage() {
        return workage;
    }

    public void setWorkage(int workage) {
        this.workage = workage;
    }
    //教学方法
    public void teach() {
        System.out.println("我承诺,我会认真教学");
    }

    @Override
    public void sae() {
        System.out.println("老师的信息如下");
        super.sae();
        System.out.println("工龄:" + workage);
//        teach();
//        System.out.println(play());
    }

    @Override
    public String play() {
        return super.play();
    }
}

class Student13 extends Person13 {
    //学号
    private String  stuid;

    public Student13(String name, char sex, int age, String hobby, String stuid) {
        super(name, sex, age, hobby);
        this.stuid = stuid;
    }

    public String getStuid() {
        return stuid;
    }

    public void setStuid(String stuid) {
        this.stuid = stuid;
    }
    //学习方法
    public void study() {
        System.out.println("我承诺,我会好好学习");
    }

    @Override
    public void sae() {
        System.out.println("学生的信息如下");
        super.sae();
        System.out.println("学号:" + stuid);
//        study();
//        System.out.println(play());
    }
}

练习十四

输出:

我是A类

hahah我是B类有参构造器

我是C类的有参构造器

我是C类的无参构造器

练习十五

什么是多态,多态具体体现有哪些?

多态:方法或对象具体多种形态,是面向对象(OOP)的第三大特征,是建立在封装和继续的基础之上

多态的具体体现:

1、方法多态:

重载和重写体现多态

2、对象多态:

1.一个对象的编译类型和运行类型可以不一致。

2.编译类型在定义对象时,就确定了,不能改变

3.运行类型是可以变化的。

4.编译类型看定义时 = 号的左边,运行类型看 = 号的右边。

举例说明:

public class Homework15 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AA obj = new BB();//向上转型
        System.out.println("obj的运行类型=" + obj.getClass());//BB
        obj = new CC();//向上转型
        System.out.println("obj的运行类型=" + obj.getClass());//CC
        AA b1 = obj;
        System.out.println("obj的运行类型=" + obj.getClass());//BB
    }
}

class AA {//超类

}

class BB extends AA {//父类

}

class CC extends BB {//子类

}

练习十六

Java的动态绑定机制是什么?

1、当调用对象方法的时候,该方法会和该对象的内存地址/运行类型绑定

2、当调用对象属性时,没有动态绑定机制,哪里声明,那里使用。

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