本文介绍如何在Oracle数据库中调整SGA和PGA的大小，并通过重启实例应用这些更改。此外，还涉及了解决启动过程中遇到的ORA-00845错误的方法以及调整/tmp文件系统大小的步骤。
修改步骤
[oracle@ywqdb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Apr 18 11:23:44 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> show parameter memory
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
hi_shared_memory_address integer 0
memory_max_target big integer 0
memory_target big integer 0
shared_memory_address integer 0
SQL> show parameter sga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean FALSE
sga_max_size big integer 4G
sga_target big integer 4G
SQL> show parameter pga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
pga_aggregate_target big integer 2283M
SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=11G scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set memory_target=11G scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter sga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean FALSE
sga_max_size big integer 4G
sga_target big integer 4G
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.2827E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2265224 bytes
Variable Size 9797898104 bytes
Database Buffers 3019898880 bytes
Redo Buffers 7307264 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter sga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean FALSE
sga_max_size big integer 11G
sga_target
SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=8G scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set sga_target=8G scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter pga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
pga_aggregate_target big integer 2283M
SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target=3G scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 8551575552 bytes
Fixed Size 2270360 bytes
Variable Size 1191185256 bytes
Database Buffers 7348420608 bytes
Redo Buffers 9699328 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter sga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean FALSE
sga_max_size big integer 8G
sga_target big integer 8G
SQL> show parameter pga
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
pga_aggregate_target big integer 3G
异常处理
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
[root@ywqdb ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda2 50G 15G 33G 31% /
tmpfs 7.8G 224K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot
/dev/vdb1 197G 5.1G 182G 3% /oradata
[root@ywqdb ~]# umount /dev/shm
umount: /dev/shm: device is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
[root@ywqdb ~]# fuser -m -v /dev/shm
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/shm: root 2141 ....m gnome-settings-
root 2162 ....m metacity
root 2210 ....m gnome-volume-co
root 2226 ....m pulseaudio
[root@ywqdb ~]# kill -9 2141
[root@ywqdb ~]# kill -9 2162
[root@ywqdb ~]# kill -9 2210
[root@ywqdb ~]# kill -9 2226
[root@ywqdb ~]# umount /dev/shm
[root@ywqdb ~]# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=12g /dev/shm
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@ywqdb ~]# vi /etc/fstab
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=12G 0 0
[root@ywqdb ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda2 50G 15G 33G 31% /
/dev/vda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot
/dev/vdb1 197G 5.1G 182G 3% /oradata
shmfs 12G 0 12G 0% /dev/shm
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