C++ Primer plus 第九章

9.1 2 3

代码

//头文件coordin.h
#pragma once
#ifndef COORDIN_H_
#define COORDIN_H_

struct polar
{
	double distance;
	double angle;
};

struct rect
{
	double x;
	double y;
};

polar rect_to_polar(rect xypos);
void show_polar(polar dapos);

#endif // !COORDIN_H_

//主函数file1.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "coordin.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	rect rplace;
	polar pplace;
	cout << "Enter the x and y values: ";
	while (cin>>rplace.x>>rplace.y)
	{
		pplace = rect_to_polar(rplace);
		show_polar(pplace);
		cout << "Next two numbers (q to quit): ";
	}
	cout << "Bye!\n";

	return 0;
}

//被调函数file2.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include "coordin.h"
using namespace std;

polar rect_to_polar(rect xypos)
{
	polar answer;

	answer.distance =
		sqrt(xypos.x * xypos.x + xypos.y * xypos.y);
	answer.angle = atan2(xypos.y, xypos.x);

	return answer;
}

void show_polar(polar dapos)
{
	const double Rad_to_deg = 57.29577951;

	cout << "distance = " << dapos.distance;
	cout << ", angle = " << dapos.angle *Rad_to_deg;
	cout << " degrees\n";
}

结果

知识点

1.将程序各部分分开放置
2.头文件中存放的内容
3.主函数和被调函数都需要#include “头文件”

9.4 auto.cpp

代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void oil(int x);

int main()
{
	int texas = 31;
	int year = 2011;
	cout << "In main(), texas = " << texas << ", &texas = ";
	cout << &texas << endl;
	cout << "In main(), year = " << year << ", &year = ";
	cout << &year << endl;

	oil(texas);
	cout << "In main(), texas = " << texas << ", &texas = ";
	cout << &texas << endl;
	cout << "In main(), year = " << year << ", &year = ";
	cout << &year << endl;
	return 0;
}

void oil(int x)
{
	int texas = 5;
	
	cout << "In oil(), texas = " << texas << ", &texas = ";
	cout << &texas << endl;
	cout << "In oil(), x = " << x << ", &year = ";
	cout << &x << endl;

	{
		int texas = 113;
		cout << "In block, texas = " << texas << ", &texas = ";
		cout << &texas << endl;
		cout << "In block, x = " << x << ", &year = ";
		cout << &x << endl;
	}

	cout << "Post-block texas = " << texas;
	cout << ", &texas = " << &texas << endl;
}

结果

知识点

1.变量的作用域

9.5 6

代码

//external.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

double warming = 0.3;
void update(double dt);
void local();

int main()
{
	cout << "Global warming is " << warming << " degrees.\n";

	update(0.1);
	cout << "Global warming is " << warming << " degrees.\n";

	local();
	cout << "Global warming is " << warming << " degrees.\n";

	return 0;
}

//support.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//使用其他cpp文件中的变量warming
extern double warming;

void update(double dt);
void local();

void update(double dt)
{
	extern double warming;
	warming += dt;
	cout << "Updating global warming to " << warming;
	cout << " degrees.\n";
}

void local()
{
	double warming = 0.8;
	cout << "Local warming = " << warming << " degrees.\n";
	cout << "But global warming = " << ::warming;
	cout << " degrees.\n";
}

结果

知识点

1.extern 使用外部变量

9.7 8

代码

//twofile1.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int tom = 3;
int dick = 30;

//静态变量
static int harry = 300;

void remote_access();

int main()
{
	cout << "main() reports the following address:\n";
	cout << &tom << " = &tom, " << &dick << " = &dick, ";
	cout << &harry << " = &harry\n";
	remote_access();

	return 0;
}

//twofile2.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

extern int tom;

static int dick = 10;
int harry = 200;

void remote_access()
{

	cout << "remote_access() reports the following addresses:\n";
	cout << &tom << " = &tom, " << &dick << " = &dick, ";
	cout << &harry << " = &harry\n";
}

结果

知识点

1.内部变量和外部变量
2.静态static

9.9 static.cpp

代码

//static.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

const int ArSize = 10;
void strcount(const char* str);

int main()
{
	char input[ArSize];
	char next;

	cout << "Enter a line:\n";
	cin.get(input, ArSize);
	while (cin)
	{
		cin.get(next);
		while (next != '\n')
			cin.get(next);
		strcount(input);
		cout << "Enter next line (empty line to quit):\n";
		cin.get(input, ArSize);
	}
	cout << "Bye\n";

	return 0;
}

void strcount(const char* str)
{
	static int total = 0;
	int count = 0;
	cout << "\"" << str << "\"contains ";
	while (*str++)
		count++;
	total += count;
	cout << count << " characters\n";
	cout << total << " characters total\n";
}

结果

知识点

1.static

9.10 newplace.cpp

代码

//newplace.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include<new>
using namespace std;

const int BUF = 512;
const int N = 5;

char buffer[BUF];

int main()
{
	double* pd1, *pd2;
	int i;

	cout << "Calling new and placement new:\n";
	pd1 = new double[N];
	pd2 = new(buffer)double[N];
	for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
		pd2[i] = pd1[i] = 1000 + 20.0 * i;
	cout << "Memory addresses:\n" << " heap: " << pd1
	<< " static: " << (void*)buffer << endl;
	cout << "Memory contents:\n";
	for ( i = 0; i < N; i++)
	{
		cout << pd1[i] << " at " << &pd1[i] << "; ";
		cout << pd2[i] << " at " << &pd1[i] << endl;
	}
	
	cout << "\nCalling new and placement new a second time:\n";
	double* pd3, * pd4;
	pd3 = new double[N];
	pd4 = new(buffer) double[N];
	for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
		pd4[i] = pd3[i] = 1000 + 40.0 * i;
	cout << "Memory contents:\n";
	for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
	{
		cout << pd3[i] << " at " << &pd3[i] << "; ";
		cout << pd4[i] << " at " << &pd4[i] << endl;
	}

	cout << "\nCalling new and placement new a second time:\n";
	delete[] pd1;
	pd1 = new double[N];
	pd2 = new (buffer + N * sizeof(double)) double[N];
	for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
		pd2[i] = pd1[i] = 1000 + 60.0 * i;
	cout << "Memory contents:\n";
	for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
	{
		cout << pd1[i] << " at " << &pd1[i] << "; ";
		cout << pd2[i] << " at " << &pd2[i] << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

结果

知识点

1.new分配内存

9.11 12 13

代码

//头文件
#pragma once
//namesp.h

#include <string>

namespace pers
{
	using namespace std;
	struct Person
	{
		string fname;
		string lname;
	};

	void getPerson(Person&);
	void showPerson(const Person&);
}

namespace debts
{
	using namespace pers;
	struct Debt
	{
		Person name;
		double amount;
	};
	void getDebt(Debt&);
	void showDebt(const Debt&);
	double sumDebts(const Debt ar[], int n);
}

//namesp.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "namesp.h"
using namespace std;

namespace pers
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::cin;
	void getPerson(Person& rp)
	{
		cout << "Enter first name: ";
		cin >> rp.fname;
		cout << "Enter last name: ";
		cin >> rp.lname;
	}
	void showPerson(const Person& rp)
	{
		cout << rp.lname << ", " << rp.fname;
	}
}

namespace debts
{
	void getDebt(Debt& rd)
	{
		getPerson(rd.name);
		cout << "Enter debt: ";
		cin >> rd.amount;
	}
	void showDebt(const Debt& rd)
	{
		showPerson(rd.name);
		cout << ": $" << rd.amount << endl;
	}
	double sumDebts(const Debt ar[], int n)
	{
		double total = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			total += ar[i].amount;
		}
		return total;
	}

}

#include <iostream>
#include "namesp.h"

void other(void);
void another(void);

int main(void)
{
	using debts::Debt;
	using debts::showDebt;
	Debt golf = { {"Benny","Goatsniff"},120.0 };
	showDebt(golf);
	other();
	another();
	return 0;
}


void other(void)
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;

	using namespace debts;
	Person dg = { "Doodles","Glister" };
	showPerson(dg);
	cout << endl;
	Debt zippy[3];
	int i;
	for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		getDebt(zippy[i]);
	}
	for ( i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		showDebt(zippy[i]);
	}
	cout << "Total debt: $" << sumDebts(zippy, 3) << endl;
	return;
}


void another(void)
{
	using pers::Person;
	Person collector = { "Milo","Rightshift" };
	pers::showPerson(collector);
	std::cout << std::endl;
}

结果

知识点

1.命名空间

总结

革命尚未成功，同志还需努力!