【Winform】ListView虚拟模式与普通模式的性能对比

看见论坛中有人问ListView的虚拟模式是否能使用图标，当时我不知道何为虚拟模式，顿时兴趣大增，查阅各种资料后，现把成果分享一下。

ListView中属性VirtualMode，当把它设置为true时，控件不再使用Collection.Add()这种方式来添加数据，取而代之的是使用RetrieveVirtualItem和CacheVirtualItems两个事件，单独使用RetrieveVirtualItem也可以，CacheVirtualItems这个事件主要是为了方便编程人员操作缓冲集合，其参数CacheVirtualItemsEventArgs有StartIndex和EndIndex两个属性

据说DataGridView这个控件也有虚拟模式，这个我没有做测试。

虚拟模式是专门为使用海量数据编程而设计的，几千条数据感觉不明显。

优势：在虚拟模式下，数据插入的效率成倍增长。

缺点：因虚拟模式使用了一个缓冲集合，相当于一次读入所有数据，当数据量很大时，例如几万条或者几十万条数据，程序占用内存很大。可以手动释放缓存，等GC回收有点慢。

==================测试环境==================

IDE: SharpDevelop 4.4

.Net Framework 4.5.1

CPU: AMD 5000+黑盒 oc到2.7GHz

Mem: DDR2 800

===========================================

程序很简单，界面如下：

代码如下：

虚拟模式：

	public partial class ListViewWithVirtualMode : Form
	{
		private ListViewItem[] _itemsCacheCollection;
		private ImageList _imageList;
		private int _nTotalRows;
		
		public ListViewWithVirtualMode()
		{
			//
			// The InitializeComponent() call is required for Windows Forms designer support.
			//
			InitializeComponent();
			
			//
			// TODO: Add constructor code after the InitializeComponent() call.
			//
		}
		
		void ListViewWithVirtualModeLoad(object sender, EventArgs e)
		{
			_imageList = new ImageList();
			_imageList.Images.Add(Image.FromFile("../../Images/right.png"));
			_imageList.Images.Add(Image.FromFile("../../Images/wrong.png"));
			
			_nTotalRows = Convert.ToInt32(textBox_TotalRows.Text);
			
			listView1.Width = 170;
			listView1.View = View.SmallIcon;
			listView1.SmallImageList = _imageList;
		}
		
		private void Button_GenerateColClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
		{
			if (listView1.Items.Count != 0)
			{
				_itemsCacheCollection = null;
				listView1.Clear();
			}

			_nTotalRows = Convert.ToInt32(textBox_TotalRows.Text);
			
			listView1.CacheVirtualItems += listView1_CacheVirtualItems;
			listView1.RetrieveVirtualItem += listView1_RetrieveVirtualItem;

			/*
			 * 这里有两种设置虚拟缓冲区的大小
			 * 1 listView1.VirtualListSize = TextBox.Text;
			 * 2 listView1.VirtualListSize = TextBox.Text + ?
			 *   ? = 随便一个数值，比如1000
			 *   listView1.EnsureVisible(listView1.Items.Count - 1);
			 * 	 EnsureVisible作用为可视的条数，如果方法2不设置这个函数
			 *   当拖动ListView到最后时会报索引越界的错误
			 */
			listView1.VirtualListSize = _nTotalRows;

			listView1.VirtualMode = true;
		}
		
		private void listView1_RetrieveVirtualItem(object sender, RetrieveVirtualItemEventArgs e)
		{
			if (_itemsCacheCollection != null)
			{
				e.Item = _itemsCacheCollection[e.ItemIndex];
			}
			else
			{
				e.Item = new ListViewItem(e.ItemIndex.ToString());
			}
		}
				
		void listView1_CacheVirtualItems(object sender, CacheVirtualItemsEventArgs e)
		{
			if (_itemsCacheCollection != null)
				return;
			
			_itemsCacheCollection = new ListViewItem[_nTotalRows];
			
			if (checkBox_Icons.Checked)
			{
				for (int i = 0; i < _nTotalRows; i++)
				{
					if (i % 2 == 0)
					{
						_itemsCacheCollection[i] = new ListViewItem((i + 1).ToString(), 0);
					}
					else
					{
						_itemsCacheCollection[i] = new ListViewItem((i + 1).ToString(), 1);
					}
				}
			}
			else
			{
				for (int i = 0; i < _nTotalRows; i++)
				{
					_itemsCacheCollection[i] = new ListViewItem((i + 1).ToString());
				}
			}
		}
	}

	public partial class ListViewWithoutVirtualMode : Form
	{
		private ListViewItem[] _itemsCacheCollection;
		private ImageList _imageListSmall;
		
		public ListViewWithoutVirtualMode()
		{
			//
			// The InitializeComponent() call is required for Windows Forms designer support.
			//
			InitializeComponent();
			//
			// TODO: Add constructor code after the InitializeComponent() call.
			//
		}
		
		void ListViewWithoutVirtualModeLoad(object sender, EventArgs e)
		{
			_imageListSmall = new ImageList();
			_imageListSmall.Images.Add(Image.FromFile("../../Images/right.png"));
			_imageListSmall.Images.Add(Image.FromFile("../../Images/wrong.png"));
			
			listView1.SmallImageList = _imageListSmall;
		}

		void Btn_GenerateClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
		{
			_itemsCacheCollection = null;
			listView1.Clear();
			
			var rowCount = Convert.ToInt32(textBox_RowTotal.Text);
			_itemsCacheCollection = new ListViewItem[rowCount];

			if (!checkBox_PictureCol.Checked)
			{
				for (int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++)
				{
					_itemsCacheCollection[i] = new ListViewItem("item" + (i + 1).ToString());
				}
			}
			else
			{
				for (int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++)
				{
					if (i % 2 == 0)
					{
						_itemsCacheCollection[i] = new ListViewItem("item" + (i + 1).ToString(), 0);
					}
					else
					{
						_itemsCacheCollection[i] = new ListViewItem("item" + (i + 1).ToString(), 1);
					}
				}
			}
			listView1.Items.AddRange(_itemsCacheCollection);
		}
      }