CodeForces 115E Linear Kingdom Races（线段树 + DP）

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本文介绍了一种解决赛道维修与比赛安排问题的算法。该问题涉及最大化利润，需考虑赛道维修成本及比赛收入。通过区间更新和动态规划实现最优方案。

You are a car race organizer and would like to arrange some races in Linear Kingdom.

Linear Kingdom has n consecutive roads spanning from left to right. The roads are numbered from 1 to n from left to right, thus the roads follow in the order of their numbers' increasing. There will be several races that may be held on these roads. Each race will use aconsecutive subset of these roads. Also, each race will pay some amount of money to you if this race is held. No races overlap in time, so some roads can be used in several races.

Unfortunately, some of the roads are in a bad condition and they need repair. Each road has repair costs associated with it, you are required to pay this cost to repair the road. A race can only take place if all the roads used in the race are renovated. Your task is to repair such roads (possibly all or none) that will maximize your profit. Your profit is defined as the total money you get from the races that are held minus the total money you spent to repair the roads. Note that you may decide not to repair any road and gain zero profit.

Print the maximum profit you can gain.

Input

The first line contains two single-space separated integers, n and m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 2·105), denoting the number of roads and the number of races, respectively.

Then n lines follow, each line will contain a single non-negative integer not exceeding 109 denoting the cost to repair a road. The costs are given in order from road 1 to road n.

Finally, m lines follow. Each line is single-space-separated triplets of integers. Each triplet will be given as lb, ub, and p(1 ≤ lb ≤ ub ≤ n, 1 ≤ p ≤ 109), which means that the race these three integers describe will use all the roads from lb to ub, inclusive, and if it's held you get p.

Output

Print a single integer denoting the maximum possible profit you can gain.

Please, do not use the %lld specificator to read or write 64-bit integers in C++. It is recommended to use cin, cout stream (also you may use %I64d specificator).

Sample test(s)

input
7 4
3
2
3
2
1
2
3
1 2 5
2 3 5
3 5 3
7 7 5

output
4

input
2 1
0
3
1 2 5

output
2

input
3 1
10
10
10
1 3 10

output
0

题意：有n条赛道，m场比赛，比赛需要占用若干条赛道，在举行比赛之前需要修理赛道，利润 = 举办比赛获利 - 修理赛道的费用，当然可以选择不举办某几场比赛，求最大利润。

先将所有比赛所要占用的赛道区间按右端从小到大排序，dp[i]表示前i场比赛可得的最大利润。若第i场比赛的赛道区间为[l, r]，则影响利润的一定是l之前的赛道，所以第l - 1条及其之前的赛道都要加上第i场比赛的利润，若要修理第i条赛道，则第i - 1条及其之前的赛道都要减去修理第i条赛道所需的费用。

听学长讲可以用莫队算法做，不知道这个是不是跟莫队算法差不多。。。

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#define ls node << 1
#define rs node << 1 | 1
#define lson l, mid, ls
#define rson mid + 1, r, rs
#define maxn 200005

using namespace std;

long long cost[maxn], maxx[maxn << 2], add[maxn << 2], dp[maxn];
int n, m;

struct Race{
    int l;
    int r;
    long long v;
}r[maxn];

bool cmp(Race x, Race y)
{
    return x.r < y.r;
}

void pushup(int l, int r, int node)
{
    maxx[node] = max(maxx[ls], maxx[rs]);
}

void pushdown(int node)
{
    if(add[node])
    {
        add[ls] += add[node];
        add[rs] += add[node];
        maxx[ls] += add[node];
        maxx[rs] += add[node];
        add[node] = 0;
    }
}

void build(int l, int r, int node)
{
    if(l == r)
    {
        maxx[node] = 0;
        add[node] = 0;
        return;
    }
    pushdown(node);
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    build(lson);
    build(rson);
    pushup(l, r, node);
}

void update(int x, int y, long long v, int l, int r, int node)
{
    if(l >= x && r <= y)
    {
        add[node] += v;
        maxx[node] += v;
        return;
    }
    pushdown(node);
    int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
    if(x <= mid)
        update(x, y, v, lson);
    if(y > mid)
        update(x, y, v, rson);
    pushup(l, r, node);
}

int main()
{
    int cnt;
    while(scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) != EOF)
    {
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
            scanf("%d", &cost[i]);
        for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
            scanf("%d%d%lld", &r[i].l, &r[i].r, &r[i].v);
        sort(r + 1, r + m + 1, cmp);
        dp[0] = 0;
        build(0, n, 1);
        cnt = 1;
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
            update(0, i - 1, -cost[i], 0, n, 1);
            while(r[cnt].r == i && cnt <= m)
            {
                update(0, r[cnt].l - 1, r[cnt].v, 0, n, 1);
                cnt++;
            }
            dp[i] = max(dp[i - 1], maxx[1]);
            update(i, i, dp[i], 0, n, 1);
        }
        printf("%lld\n",dp[n]);
    }
}