STL-priority_queue

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本文介绍了一种使用C++标准库中的优先队列(priority_queue)来实现寻找数组中最常出现的Top K元素的方法。通过结合哈希表(unordered_map)统计每个元素的频率，并利用优先队列自动维护最大堆特性，从而高效地找到频率最高的前K个元素。

参考http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/queue/priority_queue/priority_queue/

347. Top K Frequent Elements

most votes:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> topKFrequent(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        unordered_map<int,int> map;
        for(int num : nums){
            map[num]++; 
        }

        vector<int> res;
        // pair<first, second>: first is frequency,  second is number
        priority_queue<pair<int,int>> pq; 
        for(auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); it++){
            pq.push(make_pair(it->second, it->first));
            if(pq.size() > (int)map.size() - k){
                res.push_back(pq.top().second);
                pq.pop();
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

unordered_map < int, int > //value初始为0
priority_queue < pair < int, int> >

【priority_queue】默认从大到小

top() : return the greatest element.

pop() : pop the greatest element.

【priority_queue排序】

默认的排序函数：
pair< int, int > 在pair中从第一个元素到最后一个元素为基排序

If you do not specify your own comparator, sorting is done by a built-in function compare. From first member to last member in pair. compare works for many types of values, ordering them in one particular way: increasing numeric order for numbers; lexicographic order (aka dictionary order) for strings, symbols, and keywords; shortest-to-longest order by Clojure vectors, with lexicographic ordering among equal length vectors.

priority_queue < int, vector < int >, greater< int >() > //改为从小到大