Python GDAL | 教程之：过滤器，简单的空间分析，函数和模块

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本文详细介绍GIS数据处理中如何使用attribute filter和spatial filter进行数据筛选，包括按属性和空间位置过滤要素的方法，以及利用SQL查询实现复杂的数据筛选与统计。同时，介绍了要素间的空间关系判断方法，如相交、包含、重叠等，以及多边形的地理数据处理操作，如交集、并集、差集和补集。

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layer对象有一个方法叫setattributefilter()可以将layer中符合某一条件的feature过滤出来。设定了filter之后就可以用getnextfeature()方法依次取出符合条件的feature了。setattributefilter(none)可以清楚一个filter。例如

>>> layer.getfeaturecount()

42

>>> layer.setattributefilter(“cover = ‘shrubs'”)

>>> layer.getfeaturecount()

6

>>> layer.setattributefilter(None)

>>> layer.getfeaturecount()

42

空间过滤器spatial filters

有两种。一种是setspatialfilter()，过滤某一类型的feature，例如参数中填polygon，就是选出layer中的所有polygon

另外还有setspatialfilterrect(, , , )，参数输入四个坐标，可以选中方框内的feature

setspatialfilter(none)一样是清空空间属性过滤器。

例如下面这段代码，layerareas 是polygon，layersites是point

>>> featareas = layerareas.getnextfeature()

>>> poly = featareas.getgeometryref()

>>> layersites.getfeaturecount()

42

>>> layersites.setspatialfilter(poly)

>>> layersites.getfeaturecount()>>> layersites.getfeaturecount()

33

>>> layersites.setspatialfilterrect(460000, 4590000, 490000, 4600000)

>>> layersites.getfeaturecount()

4

>>> layersites.setspatialfilter(none)

>>> layersites.getfeaturecount()

42

还有更复杂的filter，例如执行sql查询语句executesql()，凭借sql的强大功能，可以执行更复杂的任务，例如下面这段代码，就是选择cover类型为grass的feature，并且按id号降序排列。

import ogr,os
os.chdir(r'F:\Python+gdal\7weeks数据\7weeks数据\ospy_data3\ospy3_data')
driver = ogr.GetDriverByName('ESRI Shapefile')
inds = ogr.Open('sites.shp',0)
resultslayer = inds.ExecuteSQL("select * from sites where cover ='grass' order by id desc")
feature = resultslayer.GetNextFeature()
while feature:
    print(feature.GetField('id'))
    feature = resultslayer.GetNextFeature()
inds.ReleaseResultSet(resultslayer)



result = dssites.executesql(“select * from sites where cover = ‘grass’ order by id desc”)

resultfeat = result.getnextfeature()

while resultfeat :

print resultfeat.getfield(‘id’)print resultfeat.getfield(‘id’)

resultfeat = result.getnextfeature()

dssites.releaseresultset(result)

42

40

4

最后一句releaseresultset()是将查询结果释放，在执行下一条sql语句之前一定要先释放。

下面的例子，统计了cover为grass的所有feature的数目

>>> result = dssites.executesql(“select count(*) from sites where cover = ‘grass'”)

>>> result.getfeaturecount()

11

>>> result.getfeature(0).getfield(0)

11

>>> dssites.releaseresultset(result)

列出所有不同的cover类型

resuts3 = inds.ExecuteSQL("select distinct cover from sites")
feature3 = resuts3.GetNextFeature()
while feature3:
    cntlayer = inds.ExecuteSQL("select * from sites where cover = '"+ feature3.GetField('cover')+"'")
    cnt = cntlayer.GetFeatureCount()
    print("%s: %s"%(feature3.GetField('cover'),str(cnt)))
    inds.ReleaseResultSet(cntlayer)
    feature3 = resuts3.GetNextFeature()
inds.ReleaseResultSet(resuts3)


result = ds.executesql(“select distinct cover from sites”)

resultfeat = result.getnextfeature()

while resultfeat:

print resultfeat.getfield(0)

resultfeat = result.getnextfeature()

ds.releaseresultset(result)

shrubs

trees

rocks

grass

bare

water

统计每种cover类型各有多少个feature

coverlayer = ds.executesql(‘select distinct cover from sites’)

coverfeat = coverlayer.getnextfeature()

while coverfeat:

cntlayer = ds.executesql(“select count(*) from sites where cover = ‘ “ + coverfeat.getfield(0) + “ ‘ “)

print coverfeat.getfield(0) + ‘ ‘ +print coverfeat.getfield(0) + ‘ ‘ + cntlayer.getfeature(0).getfieldasstring(0)

ds.releaseresultset(cntlayer)

coverfeat = coverlayer.getnextfeature()

ds.releaseresultset(coverlayer)

shrubs 6

trees 11

rocks 6

grass 11

bare 6

water 2

intersect判断两个要素是否相交