Linux 驱动开发 十八:设备树下的 LED驱动实验

本文介绍如何使用设备树来配置LED驱动程序。主要内容包括在设备树中添加LED节点、编译设备树、验证LED节点的存在,并提供了完整的驱动程序代码示例及测试步骤。

一、概述

核心:将以前写在驱动文件中硬件相关信息(如寄存器地址)通过设备树的形式传入到驱动中。驱动通过 of 函数从设备树中获取相关属性值,然后使用获取的属性值进行相关操作。

二、在设备树中创建LED节点

1、创建LED节点

在根节点 “/” 下创建名为 led 的子节点,将寄存器信息和初始化值保存到 reg 字段中

1、查看根节点中 #address-cells#size-cells 字段值。

#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;

通过以上信息可以确定 led 节点中 reg 属性值格式为 1 个字段地址,1 个字段数据。

2、在 imx6ull-lq-evk.dts 中添加 led 节点信息。

lq-led {
	compatible = "lq-led";
	status = "okay";
	reg = <	0X020C406C 0X04		/* CCM_CCGR1_BASE */
			0X020E0068 0X04		/* SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */
			0X020E02F4 0X04		/* SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */
			0X0209C000 0X04		/* GPIO1_DR_BASE */
			0X0209C004 0X04>;	/* GPIO1_GDIR_BASE */
};

2、编译

编译 imx6ull-lq-evk.dts

make dtbs

编译日志如下:

onlylove@ubuntu:~/linux/linux/lq_linux/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga$ make dtbs
  CHK     include/config/kernel.release
  CHK     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
  CHK     include/generated/utsrelease.h
make[1]: 'include/generated/mach-types.h' is up to date.
  CHK     include/generated/bounds.h
  CHK     include/generated/asm-offsets.h
  CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
  DTC     arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ull-lq-evk.dtb
onlylove@ubuntu:~/linux/linux/lq_linux/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga$

3、验证

1、查看系统中设备节点

/ #
/ # pwd
/
/ # cd /sys/
block/     class/     devices/   fs/        kernel/    power/
bus/       dev/       firmware/  fsl_otp/   module/
/ # cd /sys/
block/     class/     devices/   fs/        kernel/    power/
bus/       dev/       firmware/  fsl_otp/   module/
/ # cd /sys/firmware/devicetree/base/
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # pwd
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # ls
#address-cells                 memory
#size-cells                    model
aliases                        name
backlight                      pxp_v4l2
chosen                         regulators
clocks                         reserved-memory
compatible                     soc
cpus                           sound
interrupt-controller@00a01000  spi4
lq-led
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # cd lq-led/
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # ls
compatible  name        reg         status
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x    2 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 .
drwxr-xr-x   16 0        0                0 Jan  1 00:01 ..
-r--r--r--    1 0        0                7 Jan  1 00:01 compatible
-r--r--r--    1 0        0                7 Jan  1 00:01 name
-r--r--r--    1 0        0               40 Jan  1 00:01 reg
-r--r--r--    1 0        0                5 Jan  1 00:01 status
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # cat name
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # cat compatible
lq-led
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # cat name
lq-led
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # cat status
okay
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led #

通过以上日志,设备树 led 节点添加成功。

三、编写驱动

1、创建 VSCode 工程

见新字符设备驱动框架实现。

2、添加头文件路径

见新字符设备驱动框架实现。

3、Makefile

KERNELDIR := /home/onlylove/linux/linux/lq_linux/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga
CURRENT_PATH := $(shell pwd)
obj-m := led_dts.o

build: kernel_modules

kernel_modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules
clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) clean

4、驱动代码

在驱动入口函数中添加获取设备树数据代码。

#include "linux/init.h"
#include "linux/module.h"
#include "linux/kdev_t.h"
#include "linux/fs.h"
#include "linux/cdev.h"
#include "linux/device.h"
#include "asm/io.h"
#include "asm/uaccess.h"
#include "linux/of.h"
#include "linux/of_address.h"

#define NEWCHRDEV_MAJOR 0   /* 主设备号(如果为0则让系统自动分配,如果大于0则使用指定设备号) */
#define NEWCHRDEV_MINOR 0   /* 次设备号 */
#define NEWCHRDEV_COUNT 1   /* 设备号个数 */
#define NEWCHRDEV_NAME  "newchrdev" /* 名子 */

#define LEDOFF 					0			/* 关灯 */
#define LEDON 					1			/* 开灯 */

/* 寄存器物理地址 */
#define CCM_CCGR1_BASE				(0X020C406C)	
#define SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE		(0X020E0068)
#define SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE		(0X020E02F4)
#define GPIO1_DR_BASE				(0X0209C000)
#define GPIO1_GDIR_BASE				(0X0209C004)

/* 映射后的寄存器虚拟地址指针 */
static void __iomem *IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1;
static void __iomem *SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_DR;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_GDIR;

typedef struct{
    struct cdev dev;        /* cdev 结构体 */
    int major;              /* 主设备号 */
    int minor;              /* 次设备号 */
    dev_t devid;            /* 设备号 */
    struct class *class;    /* 类 */
    struct device *device;  /* 设备 */
    struct device_node *nd; /* 设备树节点 */
}newchrdev_t;

newchrdev_t newchrdev;

/*
 * @description		: LED打开/关闭
 * @param - sta 	: LEDON(0) 打开LED,LEDOFF(1) 关闭LED
 * @return 			: 无
 */
void led_switch(u8 sta)
{
	u32 val = 0;
	if(sta == LEDON) {
		val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
		val &= ~(1 << 3);	
		writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
	}else if(sta == LEDOFF) {
		val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
		val|= (1 << 3);	
		writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
	}	
}

/*
 * @description		: 打开设备
 * @param - inode 	: 传递给驱动的inode
 * @param - filp 	: 设备文件,file结构体有个叫做private_data的成员变量
 * 					  一般在open的时候将private_data指向设备结构体。
 * @return 			: 0 成功;其他 失败
 */
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    printk("led_open!\r\n");
    filp->private_data = &newchrdev; /* 设置私有数据 */
    return 0;
}

/*
 * @description		: 从设备读取数据 
 * @param - filp 	: 要打开的设备文件(文件描述符)
 * @param - buf 	: 返回给用户空间的数据缓冲区
 * @param - cnt 	: 要读取的数据长度
 * @param - offt 	: 相对于文件首地址的偏移
 * @return 			: 读取的字节数,如果为负值,表示读取失败
 */
static ssize_t led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
    printk("led_read!\r\n");
	return 0;
}

/*
 * @description		: 向设备写数据 
 * @param - filp 	: 设备文件,表示打开的文件描述符
 * @param - buf 	: 要写给设备写入的数据
 * @param - cnt 	: 要写入的数据长度
 * @param - offt 	: 相对于文件首地址的偏移
 * @return 			: 写入的字节数,如果为负值,表示写入失败
 */
static ssize_t led_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
    int retvalue;
	unsigned char databuf[1];
	unsigned char ledstat;

    printk("led_write!\r\n");
	retvalue = copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
	if(retvalue < 0) {
		printk("kernel write failed!\r\n");
		return -EFAULT;
	}

	ledstat = databuf[0];		/* 获取状态值 */

	if(ledstat == LEDON) {	
        printk("ledstat == LEDON!\r\n");
		led_switch(LEDON);		/* 打开LED灯 */
	} else if(ledstat == LEDOFF) {
        printk("ledstat == LEDOFF!\r\n");
		led_switch(LEDOFF);	/* 关闭LED灯 */
	}

    return 0;
}

/*
 * @description		: 关闭/释放设备
 * @param - filp 	: 要关闭的设备文件(文件描述符)
 * @return 			: 0 成功;其他 失败
 */
static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    printk("led_release!\r\n");
	return 0;
}

static const struct file_operations newchrdevops = {
    .owner   = THIS_MODULE,
    .open = led_open,
	.read = led_read,
	.write = led_write,
	.release = 	led_release,
};

/* 驱动入口函数 */
static int __init newchrdev_init(void)
{
    /* 驱动入口函数具体内容 */
    int ret;
    u32 val = 0;
    struct property *proper;
    const char *str;
    u32 regdata[14];
    
    /* 获取设备树中属性信息 */
    /* <1>、获取节点信息 */
    newchrdev.nd = of_find_node_by_path("/lq-led");
    if(newchrdev.nd == NULL){
        printk("lq-led node can not found!\r\n");
    }else{
        printk("lq-led node has been found!\r\n");
    }
    /* <2>、获取 compatible 属性内容 */
    proper = of_find_property(newchrdev.nd, "compatible", NULL);
    if(proper == NULL){
        printk("compatible property find failed\r\n");
    }else{
        printk("compatible = %s\r\n", (char*)proper->value);
    }
    /* <3>、获取 status 属性内容 */
    ret = of_property_read_string(newchrdev.nd, "status", &str);
    if(ret < 0){
        printk("status read failed!\r\n");
    }else{
        printk("status = %s\r\n",str);
    }
    /* <4>、获取 reg 属性内容 */
    ret = of_property_read_u32_array(newchrdev.nd, "reg", regdata, 10);
    if(ret < 0){
        printk("reg property read failed!\r\n");
    }else{
        u8 i = 0;
        printk("reg data:\r\n");
        for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){
            printk("%#X ", regdata[i]);
            printk("\r\n");
        }
    }
    /* (1)、寄存器地址映射 */
#if 0
  	IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1 = ioremap(CCM_CCGR1_BASE, 4);
	SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
  	SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
	GPIO1_DR = ioremap(GPIO1_DR_BASE, 4);
	GPIO1_GDIR = ioremap(GPIO1_GDIR_BASE, 4);
#elif 0
    IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1 = ioremap(regdata[0], regdata[1]);
	SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(regdata[2], regdata[3]);
  	SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(regdata[4], regdata[5]);
	GPIO1_DR = ioremap(regdata[6], regdata[7]);
	GPIO1_GDIR = ioremap(regdata[8], regdata[9]);
#else
  	IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1 = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 0);
	SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 1);
  	SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 2);
	GPIO1_DR = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 3);
	GPIO1_GDIR = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 4);
#endif
    /* (2)、使能时钟 */
    val = readl(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
    val &= ~(3 << 26);	/* 清楚以前的设置 */
    val |= (3 << 26);	/* 设置新值 */
    writel(val, IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
    /* (3)、设置复用功能 */
    writel(5, SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);
    /* (4)、配置引脚 */
    /*寄存器SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03设置IO属性
	 *bit 16:0 HYS关闭
	 *bit [15:14]: 00 默认下拉
     *bit [13]: 0 kepper功能
     *bit [12]: 1 pull/keeper使能
     *bit [11]: 0 关闭开路输出
     *bit [7:6]: 10 速度100Mhz
     *bit [5:3]: 110 R0/6驱动能力
     *bit [0]: 0 低转换率
	 */
	writel(0x10B0, SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);
    /* (5)、设置GPIO1_IO03为输出功能 */
    val = readl(GPIO1_GDIR);
	val &= ~(1 << 3);	/* 清除以前的设置 */
	val |= (1 << 3);	/* 设置为输出 */
	writel(val, GPIO1_GDIR);
    /* (6)、设置LED默认状态 */
    val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
	val |= (1 << 3);	
	writel(val, GPIO1_DR);

    /* 1、字符设备号分配 */
    newchrdev.major = NEWCHRDEV_MAJOR;
    if(newchrdev.major){
        newchrdev.minor = NEWCHRDEV_MINOR;
        newchrdev.devid = MKDEV(newchrdev.major, newchrdev.minor);
        ret = register_chrdev_region(newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
        printk("newchrdev.major > 0!\r\n");
    }else{
        ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&newchrdev.devid,0,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
        newchrdev.major = MAJOR(newchrdev.devid);
        newchrdev.minor = MINOR(newchrdev.devid);
        printk("newchrdev.major = 0!\r\n");
    }
    if(ret < 0){
        printk("newchrdev xxx_chrdev_region failed!\r\n");
        goto newchrdev_chrdev_region_failed;
    }
    printk("newchrdev devid = %d newchrdev major=%d,minor=%d\r\n",newchrdev.devid,newchrdev.major,newchrdev.minor);

    /* 2、注册字符设备 */
    newchrdev.dev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
    cdev_init(&newchrdev.dev,&newchrdevops);
    ret = cdev_add(&newchrdev.dev,newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT);
    if(ret < 0){
        printk("newchrdev cdev_add failed!\r\n");
        goto newchrdev_cdev_add_failed;
    }

    /* 3、创建类 */
    newchrdev.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
    if(IS_ERR(newchrdev.class)) {
        printk("newchrdev class_create failed!\r\n");
        goto newchrdev_class_create_failed;
    }

    /* 4、创建设备 */
    newchrdev.device = device_create(newchrdev.class,NULL,newchrdev.devid,NULL,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
    if(IS_ERR(newchrdev.device)){
        printk("newchrdev device_create failed!\r\n");
        goto neschrdev_device_creat_failed;
    }

    printk("newchrdev_init succed!\r\n");
    return 0;

neschrdev_device_creat_failed:
    class_destroy(newchrdev.class);
newchrdev_class_create_failed:
    cdev_del(&newchrdev.dev);
newchrdev_cdev_add_failed:
    unregister_chrdev_region(newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT);

newchrdev_chrdev_region_failed:   /* 字符设备号分配失败处理函数(未分配资源,因此不做处理) */
    printk("failed!\r\n");
    return ret;
}

/* 驱动卸载函数 */
static void __exit newchrdev_exit(void)
{
    /* 驱动卸载函数具体内容 */
    /* 取消映射 */
	iounmap(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
	iounmap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);
	iounmap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);
	iounmap(GPIO1_DR);
	iounmap(GPIO1_GDIR);

    /* 4、删除设备 */
    device_destroy(newchrdev.class,newchrdev.devid);
    /* 3、删除类 */
    class_destroy(newchrdev.class);
    /* 2、注销字符设备 */
    cdev_del(&newchrdev.dev);
    /* 1、释放设备号 */
    unregister_chrdev_region(newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT);
    printk("newchrdev_exit succed!\r\n");
}

module_init(newchrdev_init);
module_exit(newchrdev_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

四、测试

1、驱动加载

/ # ls
bin         led         linuxrc     root        tmp
dev         led_dts.ko  mnt         sbin        usr
etc         lib         proc        sys
/ # insmod led_dts.ko
lq-led node has been found!
compatible = lq-led
status = okay
reg data:
0X20C406C
0X4
0X20E0068
0X4
0X20E02F4
0X4
0X209C000
0X4
0X209C004
0X4
newchrdev.major = 0!
newchrdev devid = 260046848 newchrdev major=248,minor=0
newchrdev_init succed!
/ # rmmod led_dts.ko
newchrdev_exit succed!
/ #

2、驱动测试

app 程序使用以前编写的工程。详细信息见新字符设备驱动框架实现。

/ # ls
bin         led         linuxrc     root        tmp
dev         led_dts.ko  mnt         sbin        usr
etc         lib         proc        sys
/ # lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by    Tainted: G
/ # insmod led_dts.ko
lq-led node has been found!
compatible = lq-led
status = okay
reg data:
0X20C406C
0X4
0X20E0068
0X4
0X20E02F4
0X4
0X209C000
0X4
0X209C004
0X4
newchrdev.major = 0!
newchrdev devid = 260046848 newchrdev major=248,minor=0
newchrdev_init succed!
/ # lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by    Tainted: G
led_dts                 3304  0
/ # ./led /dev/newchrdev
led_open!
led_write!
ledstat == LEDON!
led_write!
ledstat == LEDOFF!
led_write!
ledstat == LEDON!
^Cled_release!

/ #

通过测试,led 灯闪烁正常。

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