一、概述
核心:将以前写在驱动文件中硬件相关信息(如寄存器地址)通过设备树的形式传入到驱动中。驱动通过 of 函数从设备树中获取相关属性值,然后使用获取的属性值进行相关操作。
二、在设备树中创建LED节点
1、创建LED节点
在根节点 “/” 下创建名为 led 的子节点,将寄存器信息和初始化值保存到 reg 字段中。
1、查看根节点中 #address-cells 和 #size-cells 字段值。
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <1>;
通过以上信息可以确定 led 节点中 reg 属性值格式为 1 个字段地址,1 个字段数据。
2、在 imx6ull-lq-evk.dts 中添加 led 节点信息。
lq-led {
compatible = "lq-led";
status = "okay";
reg = < 0X020C406C 0X04 /* CCM_CCGR1_BASE */
0X020E0068 0X04 /* SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */
0X020E02F4 0X04 /* SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE */
0X0209C000 0X04 /* GPIO1_DR_BASE */
0X0209C004 0X04>; /* GPIO1_GDIR_BASE */
};
2、编译
编译 imx6ull-lq-evk.dts。
make dtbs
编译日志如下:
onlylove@ubuntu:~/linux/linux/lq_linux/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga$ make dtbs
CHK include/config/kernel.release
CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h
make[1]: 'include/generated/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/generated/bounds.h
CHK include/generated/asm-offsets.h
CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh
DTC arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ull-lq-evk.dtb
onlylove@ubuntu:~/linux/linux/lq_linux/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga$
3、验证
1、查看系统中设备节点
/ #
/ # pwd
/
/ # cd /sys/
block/ class/ devices/ fs/ kernel/ power/
bus/ dev/ firmware/ fsl_otp/ module/
/ # cd /sys/
block/ class/ devices/ fs/ kernel/ power/
bus/ dev/ firmware/ fsl_otp/ module/
/ # cd /sys/firmware/devicetree/base/
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # pwd
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # ls
#address-cells memory
#size-cells model
aliases name
backlight pxp_v4l2
chosen regulators
clocks reserved-memory
compatible soc
cpus sound
interrupt-controller@00a01000 spi4
lq-led
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base # cd lq-led/
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # ls
compatible name reg status
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # ls -al
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 0 Jan 1 00:01 .
drwxr-xr-x 16 0 0 0 Jan 1 00:01 ..
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7 Jan 1 00:01 compatible
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7 Jan 1 00:01 name
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40 Jan 1 00:01 reg
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5 Jan 1 00:01 status
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # cat name
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # cat compatible
lq-led
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # cat name
lq-led
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led #
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led # cat status
okay
/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/lq-led #
通过以上日志,设备树 led 节点添加成功。
三、编写驱动
1、创建 VSCode 工程
见新字符设备驱动框架实现。
2、添加头文件路径
见新字符设备驱动框架实现。
3、Makefile
KERNELDIR := /home/onlylove/linux/linux/lq_linux/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga
CURRENT_PATH := $(shell pwd)
obj-m := led_dts.o
build: kernel_modules
kernel_modules:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules
clean:
$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) clean
4、驱动代码
在驱动入口函数中添加获取设备树数据代码。
#include "linux/init.h"
#include "linux/module.h"
#include "linux/kdev_t.h"
#include "linux/fs.h"
#include "linux/cdev.h"
#include "linux/device.h"
#include "asm/io.h"
#include "asm/uaccess.h"
#include "linux/of.h"
#include "linux/of_address.h"
#define NEWCHRDEV_MAJOR 0 /* 主设备号(如果为0则让系统自动分配,如果大于0则使用指定设备号) */
#define NEWCHRDEV_MINOR 0 /* 次设备号 */
#define NEWCHRDEV_COUNT 1 /* 设备号个数 */
#define NEWCHRDEV_NAME "newchrdev" /* 名子 */
#define LEDOFF 0 /* 关灯 */
#define LEDON 1 /* 开灯 */
/* 寄存器物理地址 */
#define CCM_CCGR1_BASE (0X020C406C)
#define SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE (0X020E0068)
#define SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE (0X020E02F4)
#define GPIO1_DR_BASE (0X0209C000)
#define GPIO1_GDIR_BASE (0X0209C004)
/* 映射后的寄存器虚拟地址指针 */
static void __iomem *IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1;
static void __iomem *SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_DR;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_GDIR;
typedef struct{
struct cdev dev; /* cdev 结构体 */
int major; /* 主设备号 */
int minor; /* 次设备号 */
dev_t devid; /* 设备号 */
struct class *class; /* 类 */
struct device *device; /* 设备 */
struct device_node *nd; /* 设备树节点 */
}newchrdev_t;
newchrdev_t newchrdev;
/*
* @description : LED打开/关闭
* @param - sta : LEDON(0) 打开LED,LEDOFF(1) 关闭LED
* @return : 无
*/
void led_switch(u8 sta)
{
u32 val = 0;
if(sta == LEDON) {
val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
val &= ~(1 << 3);
writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
}else if(sta == LEDOFF) {
val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
val|= (1 << 3);
writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
}
}
/*
* @description : 打开设备
* @param - inode : 传递给驱动的inode
* @param - filp : 设备文件,file结构体有个叫做private_data的成员变量
* 一般在open的时候将private_data指向设备结构体。
* @return : 0 成功;其他 失败
*/
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk("led_open!\r\n");
filp->private_data = &newchrdev; /* 设置私有数据 */
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : 从设备读取数据
* @param - filp : 要打开的设备文件(文件描述符)
* @param - buf : 返回给用户空间的数据缓冲区
* @param - cnt : 要读取的数据长度
* @param - offt : 相对于文件首地址的偏移
* @return : 读取的字节数,如果为负值,表示读取失败
*/
static ssize_t led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
printk("led_read!\r\n");
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : 向设备写数据
* @param - filp : 设备文件,表示打开的文件描述符
* @param - buf : 要写给设备写入的数据
* @param - cnt : 要写入的数据长度
* @param - offt : 相对于文件首地址的偏移
* @return : 写入的字节数,如果为负值,表示写入失败
*/
static ssize_t led_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
int retvalue;
unsigned char databuf[1];
unsigned char ledstat;
printk("led_write!\r\n");
retvalue = copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
if(retvalue < 0) {
printk("kernel write failed!\r\n");
return -EFAULT;
}
ledstat = databuf[0]; /* 获取状态值 */
if(ledstat == LEDON) {
printk("ledstat == LEDON!\r\n");
led_switch(LEDON); /* 打开LED灯 */
} else if(ledstat == LEDOFF) {
printk("ledstat == LEDOFF!\r\n");
led_switch(LEDOFF); /* 关闭LED灯 */
}
return 0;
}
/*
* @description : 关闭/释放设备
* @param - filp : 要关闭的设备文件(文件描述符)
* @return : 0 成功;其他 失败
*/
static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk("led_release!\r\n");
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations newchrdevops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open,
.read = led_read,
.write = led_write,
.release = led_release,
};
/* 驱动入口函数 */
static int __init newchrdev_init(void)
{
/* 驱动入口函数具体内容 */
int ret;
u32 val = 0;
struct property *proper;
const char *str;
u32 regdata[14];
/* 获取设备树中属性信息 */
/* <1>、获取节点信息 */
newchrdev.nd = of_find_node_by_path("/lq-led");
if(newchrdev.nd == NULL){
printk("lq-led node can not found!\r\n");
}else{
printk("lq-led node has been found!\r\n");
}
/* <2>、获取 compatible 属性内容 */
proper = of_find_property(newchrdev.nd, "compatible", NULL);
if(proper == NULL){
printk("compatible property find failed\r\n");
}else{
printk("compatible = %s\r\n", (char*)proper->value);
}
/* <3>、获取 status 属性内容 */
ret = of_property_read_string(newchrdev.nd, "status", &str);
if(ret < 0){
printk("status read failed!\r\n");
}else{
printk("status = %s\r\n",str);
}
/* <4>、获取 reg 属性内容 */
ret = of_property_read_u32_array(newchrdev.nd, "reg", regdata, 10);
if(ret < 0){
printk("reg property read failed!\r\n");
}else{
u8 i = 0;
printk("reg data:\r\n");
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){
printk("%#X ", regdata[i]);
printk("\r\n");
}
}
/* (1)、寄存器地址映射 */
#if 0
IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1 = ioremap(CCM_CCGR1_BASE, 4);
SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
GPIO1_DR = ioremap(GPIO1_DR_BASE, 4);
GPIO1_GDIR = ioremap(GPIO1_GDIR_BASE, 4);
#elif 0
IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1 = ioremap(regdata[0], regdata[1]);
SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(regdata[2], regdata[3]);
SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(regdata[4], regdata[5]);
GPIO1_DR = ioremap(regdata[6], regdata[7]);
GPIO1_GDIR = ioremap(regdata[8], regdata[9]);
#else
IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1 = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 0);
SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 1);
SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 2);
GPIO1_DR = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 3);
GPIO1_GDIR = of_iomap(newchrdev.nd, 4);
#endif
/* (2)、使能时钟 */
val = readl(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
val &= ~(3 << 26); /* 清楚以前的设置 */
val |= (3 << 26); /* 设置新值 */
writel(val, IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
/* (3)、设置复用功能 */
writel(5, SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);
/* (4)、配置引脚 */
/*寄存器SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03设置IO属性
*bit 16:0 HYS关闭
*bit [15:14]: 00 默认下拉
*bit [13]: 0 kepper功能
*bit [12]: 1 pull/keeper使能
*bit [11]: 0 关闭开路输出
*bit [7:6]: 10 速度100Mhz
*bit [5:3]: 110 R0/6驱动能力
*bit [0]: 0 低转换率
*/
writel(0x10B0, SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);
/* (5)、设置GPIO1_IO03为输出功能 */
val = readl(GPIO1_GDIR);
val &= ~(1 << 3); /* 清除以前的设置 */
val |= (1 << 3); /* 设置为输出 */
writel(val, GPIO1_GDIR);
/* (6)、设置LED默认状态 */
val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
val |= (1 << 3);
writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
/* 1、字符设备号分配 */
newchrdev.major = NEWCHRDEV_MAJOR;
if(newchrdev.major){
newchrdev.minor = NEWCHRDEV_MINOR;
newchrdev.devid = MKDEV(newchrdev.major, newchrdev.minor);
ret = register_chrdev_region(newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
printk("newchrdev.major > 0!\r\n");
}else{
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&newchrdev.devid,0,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
newchrdev.major = MAJOR(newchrdev.devid);
newchrdev.minor = MINOR(newchrdev.devid);
printk("newchrdev.major = 0!\r\n");
}
if(ret < 0){
printk("newchrdev xxx_chrdev_region failed!\r\n");
goto newchrdev_chrdev_region_failed;
}
printk("newchrdev devid = %d newchrdev major=%d,minor=%d\r\n",newchrdev.devid,newchrdev.major,newchrdev.minor);
/* 2、注册字符设备 */
newchrdev.dev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev_init(&newchrdev.dev,&newchrdevops);
ret = cdev_add(&newchrdev.dev,newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT);
if(ret < 0){
printk("newchrdev cdev_add failed!\r\n");
goto newchrdev_cdev_add_failed;
}
/* 3、创建类 */
newchrdev.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(newchrdev.class)) {
printk("newchrdev class_create failed!\r\n");
goto newchrdev_class_create_failed;
}
/* 4、创建设备 */
newchrdev.device = device_create(newchrdev.class,NULL,newchrdev.devid,NULL,NEWCHRDEV_NAME);
if(IS_ERR(newchrdev.device)){
printk("newchrdev device_create failed!\r\n");
goto neschrdev_device_creat_failed;
}
printk("newchrdev_init succed!\r\n");
return 0;
neschrdev_device_creat_failed:
class_destroy(newchrdev.class);
newchrdev_class_create_failed:
cdev_del(&newchrdev.dev);
newchrdev_cdev_add_failed:
unregister_chrdev_region(newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT);
newchrdev_chrdev_region_failed: /* 字符设备号分配失败处理函数(未分配资源,因此不做处理) */
printk("failed!\r\n");
return ret;
}
/* 驱动卸载函数 */
static void __exit newchrdev_exit(void)
{
/* 驱动卸载函数具体内容 */
/* 取消映射 */
iounmap(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
iounmap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);
iounmap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);
iounmap(GPIO1_DR);
iounmap(GPIO1_GDIR);
/* 4、删除设备 */
device_destroy(newchrdev.class,newchrdev.devid);
/* 3、删除类 */
class_destroy(newchrdev.class);
/* 2、注销字符设备 */
cdev_del(&newchrdev.dev);
/* 1、释放设备号 */
unregister_chrdev_region(newchrdev.devid,NEWCHRDEV_COUNT);
printk("newchrdev_exit succed!\r\n");
}
module_init(newchrdev_init);
module_exit(newchrdev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
四、测试
1、驱动加载
/ # ls
bin led linuxrc root tmp
dev led_dts.ko mnt sbin usr
etc lib proc sys
/ # insmod led_dts.ko
lq-led node has been found!
compatible = lq-led
status = okay
reg data:
0X20C406C
0X4
0X20E0068
0X4
0X20E02F4
0X4
0X209C000
0X4
0X209C004
0X4
newchrdev.major = 0!
newchrdev devid = 260046848 newchrdev major=248,minor=0
newchrdev_init succed!
/ # rmmod led_dts.ko
newchrdev_exit succed!
/ #
2、驱动测试
app 程序使用以前编写的工程。详细信息见新字符设备驱动框架实现。
/ # ls
bin led linuxrc root tmp
dev led_dts.ko mnt sbin usr
etc lib proc sys
/ # lsmod
Module Size Used by Tainted: G
/ # insmod led_dts.ko
lq-led node has been found!
compatible = lq-led
status = okay
reg data:
0X20C406C
0X4
0X20E0068
0X4
0X20E02F4
0X4
0X209C000
0X4
0X209C004
0X4
newchrdev.major = 0!
newchrdev devid = 260046848 newchrdev major=248,minor=0
newchrdev_init succed!
/ # lsmod
Module Size Used by Tainted: G
led_dts 3304 0
/ # ./led /dev/newchrdev
led_open!
led_write!
ledstat == LEDON!
led_write!
ledstat == LEDOFF!
led_write!
ledstat == LEDON!
^Cled_release!
/ #
通过测试,led 灯闪烁正常。
本文介绍如何使用设备树来配置LED驱动程序。主要内容包括在设备树中添加LED节点、编译设备树、验证LED节点的存在,并提供了完整的驱动程序代码示例及测试步骤。

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