1、梯度爆炸现象、
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader,Dataset
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
# 加载数据
def load_data(data_path):
# 加载训练集
train_examples = []
train_path = os.path.join(data_path, "train.txt")
with open(train_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
# 解析一行数据，将其处理为数字序列seq和标签label
items = line.strip().split("\t")
seq = [int(i) for i in items[0].split(" ")]
label = int(items[1])
train_examples.append((seq, label))
# 加载验证集
dev_examples = []
dev_path = os.path.join(data_path, "dev.txt")
with open(dev_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
# 解析一行数据，将其处理为数字序列seq和标签label
items = line.strip().split("\t")
seq = [int(i) for i in items[0].split(" ")]
label = int(items[1])
dev_examples.append((seq, label))
# 加载测试集
test_examples = []
test_path = os.path.join(data_path, "test.txt")
with open(test_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
# 解析一行数据，将其处理为数字序列seq和标签label
items = line.strip().split("\t")
seq = [int(i) for i in items[0].split(" ")]
label = int(items[1])
test_examples.append((seq, label))
return train_examples, dev_examples, test_examples
class DigitSumDataset(Dataset):
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def __getitem__(self, idx):
example = self.data[idx]
seq = torch.tensor(example[0], dtype=torch.int64)
label = torch.tensor(example[1], dtype=torch.int64)
return seq, label
def __len__(self):
return len(self.data)
# 嵌入层
class Embedding(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_embeddings, embedding_dim):
super(Embedding, self).__init__()
self.W = nn.init.xavier_uniform_(torch.empty(num_embeddings, embedding_dim), gain=1.0)
def forward(self, inputs):
# 根据索引获取对应词向量
embs = self.W[inputs]
return embs
class SRN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, W_attr=None, U_attr=None, b_attr=None):
super(SRN, self).__init__()
# 嵌入向量的维度
self.input_size = input_size
# 隐状态的维度
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
# 定义模型参数W，其shape为 input_size x hidden_size
if W_attr == None:
W = torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
W = torch.tensor(W_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W = torch.nn.Parameter(W)
# 定义模型参数U，其shape为hidden_size x hidden_size
if U_attr == None:
U = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
U = torch.tensor(U_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U = torch.nn.Parameter(U)
# 定义模型参数b，其shape为 1 x hidden_size
if b_attr == None:
b = torch.zeros(size=[1, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
b = torch.tensor(b_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b = torch.nn.Parameter(b)
# 初始化向量
def init_state(self, batch_size):
hidden_state = torch.zeros(size=[batch_size, self.hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
return hidden_state
# 定义前向计算
def forward(self, inputs, hidden_state=None):
# inputs: 输入数据, 其shape为batch_size x seq_len x input_size
batch_size, seq_len, input_size = inputs.shape
# 初始化起始状态的隐向量, 其shape为 batch_size x hidden_size
if hidden_state is None:
hidden_state = self.init_state(batch_size)
# 循环执行RNN计算
for step in range(seq_len):
# 获取当前时刻的输入数据step_input, 其shape为 batch_size x input_size
step_input = inputs[:, step, :]
# 获取当前时刻的隐状态向量hidden_state, 其shape为 batch_size x hidden_size
hidden_state = hidden_state + F.tanh(torch.matmul(step_input, self.W) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U) + self.b)
return hidden_state
# 基于RNN实现数字预测的模型
class Model_RNN4SeqClass(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, model, num_digits, input_size, hidden_size, num_classes):
super(Model_RNN4SeqClass, self).__init__()
# 传入实例化的RNN层，例如SRN
self.rnn_model = model
# 词典大小
self.num_digits = num_digits
# 嵌入向量的维度
self.input_size = input_size
# 定义Embedding层
self.embedding = Embedding(num_digits, input_size)
# 定义线性层
self.linear = nn.Linear(hidden_size, num_classes)
def forward(self, inputs):
# 将数字序列映射为相应向量
inputs_emb = self.embedding(inputs)
# 调用RNN模型
hidden_state = self.rnn_model(inputs_emb)
# 使用最后一个时刻的状态进行数字预测
logits = self.linear(hidden_state)
return logits
class RunnerV3(object):
def __init__(self, model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric, **kwargs):
self.model = model
self.optimizer = optimizer
self.loss_fn = loss_fn
self.metric = metric # 只用于计算评价指标
# 记录训练过程中的评价指标变化情况
self.dev_scores = []
# 记录训练过程中的损失函数变化情况
self.train_epoch_losses = [] # 一个epoch记录一次loss
self.train_step_losses = [] # 一个step记录一次loss
self.dev_losses = []
# 记录全局最优指标
self.best_score = 0
def train(self, train_loader, dev_loader=None, **kwargs):
# 将模型切换为训练模式
self.model.train()
# 传入训练轮数，如果没有传入值则默认为0
num_epochs = kwargs.get("num_epochs", 0)
# 传入log打印频率，如果没有传入值则默认为100
log_steps = kwargs.get("log_steps", 100)
# 评价频率
eval_steps = kwargs.get("eval_steps", 0)
# 传入模型保存路径，如果没有传入值则默认为"best_model.pdparams"
save_path = kwargs.get("save_path", "best_model.pdparams")
custom_print_log = kwargs.get("custom_print_log", None)
# 训练总的步数
num_training_steps = num_epochs * len(train_loader)
if eval_steps:
if self.metric is None:
raise RuntimeError('Error: Metric can not be None!')
if dev_loader is None:
raise RuntimeError('Error: dev_loader can not be None!')
# 运行的step数目
global_step = 0
# 进行num_epochs轮训练
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
# 用于统计训练集的损失
total_loss = 0
for step, data in enumerate(train_loader):
X, y = data
# 获取模型预测
logits = self.model(X)
loss = self.loss_fn(logits, y.long()) # 默认求mean
total_loss += loss
# 训练过程中，每个step的loss进行保存
self.train_step_losses.append((global_step, loss.item()))
if log_steps and global_step % log_steps == 0:
print(
f"[Train] epoch: {epoch}/{num_epochs}, step: {global_step}/{num_training_steps}, loss: {loss.item():.5f}")
# 梯度反向传播，计算每个参数的梯度值
loss.backward()
if custom_print_log:
custom_print_log(self)
# 小批量梯度下降进行参数更新
self.optimizer.step()
# 梯度归零
self.optimizer.zero_grad()
# 判断是否需要评价
if eval_steps > 0 and global_step > 0 and \
(global_step % eval_steps == 0 or global_step == (num_training_steps - 1)):
dev_score, dev_loss = self.evaluate(dev_loader, global_step=global_step)
print(f"[Evaluate] dev score: {dev_score:.5f}, dev loss: {dev_loss:.5f}")
# 将模型切换为训练模式
self.model.train()
# 如果当前指标为最优指标，保存该模型
if dev_score > self.best_score:
self.save_model(save_path)
print(
f"[Evaluate] best accuracy performence has been updated: {self.best_score:.5f} --> {dev_score:.5f}")
self.best_score = dev_score
global_step += 1
# 当前epoch 训练loss累计值
trn_loss = (total_loss / len(train_loader)).item()
# epoch粒度的训练loss保存
self.train_epoch_losses.append(trn_loss)
print("[Train] Training done!")
# 模型评估阶段，使用'torch.no_grad()'控制不计算和存储梯度
@torch.no_grad()
def evaluate(self, dev_loader, **kwargs):
assert self.metric is not None
# 将模型设置为评估模式
self.model.eval()
global_step = kwargs.get("global_step", -1)
# 用于统计训练集的损失
total_loss = 0
# 重置评价
self.metric.reset()
# 遍历验证集每个批次
for batch_id, data in enumerate(dev_loader):
X, y = data
# 计算模型输出
logits = self.model(X)
# 计算损失函数
loss = self.loss_fn(logits, y.long()).item()
# 累积损失
total_loss += loss
# 累积评价
self.metric.update(logits, y)
dev_loss = (total_loss / len(dev_loader))
dev_score = self.metric.accumulate()
# 记录验证集loss
if global_step != -1:
self.dev_losses.append((global_step, dev_loss))
self.dev_scores.append(dev_score)
return dev_score, dev_loss
# 模型评估阶段，使用'torch.no_grad()'控制不计算和存储梯度
@torch.no_grad()
def predict(self, x, **kwargs):
# 将模型设置为评估模式
self.model.eval()
# 运行模型前向计算，得到预测值
logits = self.model(x)
return logits
def save_model(self, save_path):
torch.save(self.model.state_dict(), save_path)
def load_model(self, model_path):
state_dict = torch.load(model_path)
self.model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
class Accuracy():
def __init__(self, is_logist=True):
# 用于统计正确的样本个数
self.num_correct = 0
# 用于统计样本的总数
self.num_count = 0
self.is_logist = is_logist
def update(self, outputs, labels):
# 判断是二分类任务还是多分类任务，shape[1]=1时为二分类任务，shape[1]>1时为多分类任务
if outputs.shape[1] == 1: # 二分类
outputs = torch.squeeze(outputs, dim=-1)
if self.is_logist:
# logist判断是否大于0
preds = torch.tensor((outputs >= 0), dtype=torch.float32)
else:
# 如果不是logist，判断每个概率值是否大于0.5，当大于0.5时，类别为1，否则类别为0
preds = torch.tensor((outputs >= 0.5), dtype=torch.float32)
else:
# 多分类时，使用'torch.argmax'计算最大元素索引作为类别
preds = torch.argmax(outputs, dim=1)
# 获取本批数据中预测正确的样本个数
labels = torch.squeeze(labels, dim=-1)
batch_correct = torch.sum(torch.tensor(preds == labels, dtype=torch.float32)).cpu().numpy()
batch_count = len(labels)
# 更新num_correct 和 num_count
self.num_correct += batch_correct
self.num_count += batch_count
def accumulate(self):
# 使用累计的数据，计算总的指标
if self.num_count == 0:
return 0
return self.num_correct / self.num_count
def reset(self):
# 重置正确的数目和总数
self.num_correct = 0
self.num_count = 0
def name(self):
return "Accuracy"
W_list = []
U_list = []
b_list = []
# 计算梯度范数
def custom_print_log(runner):
model = runner.model
W_grad_l2, U_grad_l2, b_grad_l2 = 0, 0, 0
for name, param in model.named_parameters():
if name == "rnn_model.W":
W_grad_l2 = torch.norm(param.grad, p=2).numpy()
if name == "rnn_model.U":
U_grad_l2 = torch.norm(param.grad, p=2).numpy()
if name == "rnn_model.b":
b_grad_l2 = torch.norm(param.grad, p=2).numpy()
print(f"[Training] W_grad_l2: {W_grad_l2:.5f}, U_grad_l2: {U_grad_l2:.5f}, b_grad_l2: {b_grad_l2:.5f} ")
W_list.append(W_grad_l2)
U_list.append(U_grad_l2)
b_list.append(b_grad_l2)
import os
import random
import torch
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(0)
random.seed(0)
torch.seed()
# 训练轮次
num_epochs = 50
# 学习率
lr = 0.2
# 输入数字的类别数
num_digits = 10
# 将数字映射为向量的维度
input_size = 32
# 隐状态向量的维度
hidden_size = 32
# 预测数字的类别数
num_classes = 19
# 批大小
batch_size = 64
# 模型保存目录
save_dir = "./checkpoints"
# 可以设置不同的length进行不同长度数据的预测实验
length = 20
print(f"\n====> Training SRN with data of length {length}.")
# 加载长度为length的数据
data_path = f"./datasets/{length}"
train_examples, dev_examples, test_examples = load_data(data_path)
train_set, dev_set, test_set = DigitSumDataset(train_examples), DigitSumDataset(dev_examples),DigitSumDataset(test_examples)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_set, batch_size=batch_size)
dev_loader = DataLoader(dev_set, batch_size=batch_size)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_set, batch_size=batch_size)
# 实例化模型
base_model = SRN(input_size, hidden_size)
model = Model_RNN4SeqClass(base_model, num_digits, input_size, hidden_size, num_classes)
# 指定优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(lr=lr, params=model.parameters())
# 定义评价指标
metric = Accuracy()
# 定义损失函数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction="sum")
# 基于以上组件，实例化Runner
runner = RunnerV3(model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric)
# 进行模型训练
model_save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f"srn_explosion_model_{length}.pdparams")
runner.train(train_loader, dev_loader, num_epochs=num_epochs, eval_steps=100, log_steps=1,
save_path=model_save_path, custom_print_log=custom_print_log)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def plot_grad(W_list, U_list, b_list, save_path, keep_steps=40):
# 开始绘制图片
plt.figure()
# 默认保留前40步的结果
steps = list(range(keep_steps))
plt.plot(steps, W_list[:keep_steps], "r-", color="#e4007f", label="W_grad_l2")
plt.plot(steps, U_list[:keep_steps], "-.", color="#f19ec2", label="U_grad_l2")
plt.plot(steps, b_list[:keep_steps], "--", color="#000000", label="b_grad_l2")
plt.xlabel("step")
plt.ylabel("L2 Norm")
plt.legend(loc="upper right")
plt.show()
plt.savefig(save_path)
print("image has been saved to: ", save_path)
save_path = f"./images/6.8.pdf"
plot_grad(W_list, U_list, b_list, save_path)
# 加载训练过程中效果最好的模型
model_path = os.path.join(save_dir, "srn_explosion_model_20.pdparams")
runner.load_model(model_path)
# 使用测试集评价模型，获取测试集上的预测准确率
score, _ = runner.evaluate(test_loader)
print(f"[SRN] length:{length}, Score: {score: .5f}")
# 清空梯度列表
W_list.clear()
U_list.clear()
b_list.clear()
# 实例化模型
base_model = SRN(input_size, hidden_size)
model = Model_RNN4SeqClass(base_model, num_digits, input_size, hidden_size, num_classes)
# 定义clip，并实例化优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(lr=lr, params=model.parameters())
# 定义评价指标
metric = Accuracy()
# 定义损失函数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction="sum")
# 实例化Runner
runner = RunnerV3(model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric)
# 训练模型
model_save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f"srn_fix_explosion_model_{length}.pdparams")
runner.train(train_loader, dev_loader, num_epochs=num_epochs, eval_steps=100, log_steps=1, save_path=model_save_path, custom_print_log=custom_print_log)
# 进行模型训练
model_save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f"srn_explosion_model_{length}.pdparams")
2、梯度截断
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader,Dataset
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
# 加载数据
def load_data(data_path):
# 加载训练集
train_examples = []
train_path = os.path.join(data_path, "train.txt")
with open(train_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
# 解析一行数据，将其处理为数字序列seq和标签label
items = line.strip().split("\t")
seq = [int(i) for i in items[0].split(" ")]
label = int(items[1])
train_examples.append((seq, label))
# 加载验证集
dev_examples = []
dev_path = os.path.join(data_path, "dev.txt")
with open(dev_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
# 解析一行数据，将其处理为数字序列seq和标签label
items = line.strip().split("\t")
seq = [int(i) for i in items[0].split(" ")]
label = int(items[1])
dev_examples.append((seq, label))
# 加载测试集
test_examples = []
test_path = os.path.join(data_path, "test.txt")
with open(test_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
# 解析一行数据，将其处理为数字序列seq和标签label
items = line.strip().split("\t")
seq = [int(i) for i in items[0].split(" ")]
label = int(items[1])
test_examples.append((seq, label))
return train_examples, dev_examples, test_examples
class DigitSumDataset(Dataset):
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def __getitem__(self, idx):
example = self.data[idx]
seq = torch.tensor(example[0], dtype=torch.int64)
label = torch.tensor(example[1], dtype=torch.int64)
return seq, label
def __len__(self):
return len(self.data)
# 嵌入层
class Embedding(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_embeddings, embedding_dim):
super(Embedding, self).__init__()
self.W = nn.init.xavier_uniform_(torch.empty(num_embeddings, embedding_dim), gain=1.0)
def forward(self, inputs):
# 根据索引获取对应词向量
embs = self.W[inputs]
return embs
class SRN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, W_attr=None, U_attr=None, b_attr=None):
super(SRN, self).__init__()
# 嵌入向量的维度
self.input_size = input_size
# 隐状态的维度
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
# 定义模型参数W，其shape为 input_size x hidden_size
if W_attr == None:
W = torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
W = torch.tensor(W_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W = torch.nn.Parameter(W)
# 定义模型参数U，其shape为hidden_size x hidden_size
if U_attr == None:
U = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
U = torch.tensor(U_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U = torch.nn.Parameter(U)
# 定义模型参数b，其shape为 1 x hidden_size
if b_attr == None:
b = torch.zeros(size=[1, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
b = torch.tensor(b_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b = torch.nn.Parameter(b)
# 初始化向量
def init_state(self, batch_size):
hidden_state = torch.zeros(size=[batch_size, self.hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
return hidden_state
# 定义前向计算
def forward(self, inputs, hidden_state=None):
# inputs: 输入数据, 其shape为batch_size x seq_len x input_size
batch_size, seq_len, input_size = inputs.shape
# 初始化起始状态的隐向量, 其shape为 batch_size x hidden_size
if hidden_state is None:
hidden_state = self.init_state(batch_size)
# 循环执行RNN计算
for step in range(seq_len):
# 获取当前时刻的输入数据step_input, 其shape为 batch_size x input_size
step_input = inputs[:, step, :]
# 获取当前时刻的隐状态向量hidden_state, 其shape为 batch_size x hidden_size
hidden_state = hidden_state + F.tanh(torch.matmul(step_input, self.W) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U) + self.b)
return hidden_state
# 基于RNN实现数字预测的模型
class Model_RNN4SeqClass(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, model, num_digits, input_size, hidden_size, num_classes):
super(Model_RNN4SeqClass, self).__init__()
# 传入实例化的RNN层，例如SRN
self.rnn_model = model
# 词典大小
self.num_digits = num_digits
# 嵌入向量的维度
self.input_size = input_size
# 定义Embedding层
self.embedding = Embedding(num_digits, input_size)
# 定义线性层
self.linear = nn.Linear(hidden_size, num_classes)
def forward(self, inputs):
# 将数字序列映射为相应向量
inputs_emb = self.embedding(inputs)
# 调用RNN模型
hidden_state = self.rnn_model(inputs_emb)
# 使用最后一个时刻的状态进行数字预测
logits = self.linear(hidden_state)
return logits
class RunnerV3(object):
def __init__(self, model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric, **kwargs):
self.model = model
self.optimizer = optimizer
self.loss_fn = loss_fn
self.metric = metric # 只用于计算评价指标
# 记录训练过程中的评价指标变化情况
self.dev_scores = []
# 记录训练过程中的损失函数变化情况
self.train_epoch_losses = [] # 一个epoch记录一次loss
self.train_step_losses = [] # 一个step记录一次loss
self.dev_losses = []
# 记录全局最优指标
self.best_score = 0
def train(self, train_loader, dev_loader=None, **kwargs):
# 将模型切换为训练模式
self.model.train()
# 传入训练轮数，如果没有传入值则默认为0
num_epochs = kwargs.get("num_epochs", 0)
# 传入log打印频率，如果没有传入值则默认为100
log_steps = kwargs.get("log_steps", 100)
# 评价频率
eval_steps = kwargs.get("eval_steps", 0)
# 传入模型保存路径，如果没有传入值则默认为"best_model.pdparams"
save_path = kwargs.get("save_path", "best_model.pdparams")
custom_print_log = kwargs.get("custom_print_log", None)
# 训练总的步数
num_training_steps = num_epochs * len(train_loader)
if eval_steps:
if self.metric is None:
raise RuntimeError('Error: Metric can not be None!')
if dev_loader is None:
raise RuntimeError('Error: dev_loader can not be None!')
# 运行的step数目
global_step = 0
# 进行num_epochs轮训练
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
# 用于统计训练集的损失
total_loss = 0
for step, data in enumerate(train_loader):
X, y = data
# 获取模型预测
logits = self.model(X)
loss = self.loss_fn(logits, y.long()) # 默认求mean
total_loss += loss
# 训练过程中，每个step的loss进行保存
self.train_step_losses.append((global_step, loss.item()))
if log_steps and global_step % log_steps == 0:
print(
f"[Train] epoch: {epoch}/{num_epochs}, step: {global_step}/{num_training_steps}, loss: {loss.item():.5f}")
# 梯度反向传播，计算每个参数的梯度值
loss.backward()
if custom_print_log:
custom_print_log(self)
# 小批量梯度下降进行参数更新
self.optimizer.step()
# 梯度归零
self.optimizer.zero_grad()
# 判断是否需要评价
if eval_steps > 0 and global_step > 0 and \
(global_step % eval_steps == 0 or global_step == (num_training_steps - 1)):
dev_score, dev_loss = self.evaluate(dev_loader, global_step=global_step)
print(f"[Evaluate] dev score: {dev_score:.5f}, dev loss: {dev_loss:.5f}")
# 将模型切换为训练模式
self.model.train()
# 如果当前指标为最优指标，保存该模型
if dev_score > self.best_score:
self.save_model(save_path)
print(
f"[Evaluate] best accuracy performence has been updated: {self.best_score:.5f} --> {dev_score:.5f}")
self.best_score = dev_score
global_step += 1
# 当前epoch 训练loss累计值
trn_loss = (total_loss / len(train_loader)).item()
# epoch粒度的训练loss保存
self.train_epoch_losses.append(trn_loss)
print("[Train] Training done!")
# 模型评估阶段，使用'torch.no_grad()'控制不计算和存储梯度
@torch.no_grad()
def evaluate(self, dev_loader, **kwargs):
assert self.metric is not None
# 将模型设置为评估模式
self.model.eval()
global_step = kwargs.get("global_step", -1)
# 用于统计训练集的损失
total_loss = 0
# 重置评价
self.metric.reset()
# 遍历验证集每个批次
for batch_id, data in enumerate(dev_loader):
X, y = data
# 计算模型输出
logits = self.model(X)
# 计算损失函数
loss = self.loss_fn(logits, y.long()).item()
# 累积损失
total_loss += loss
# 累积评价
self.metric.update(logits, y)
dev_loss = (total_loss / len(dev_loader))
dev_score = self.metric.accumulate()
# 记录验证集loss
if global_step != -1:
self.dev_losses.append((global_step, dev_loss))
self.dev_scores.append(dev_score)
return dev_score, dev_loss
# 模型评估阶段，使用'torch.no_grad()'控制不计算和存储梯度
@torch.no_grad()
def predict(self, x, **kwargs):
# 将模型设置为评估模式
self.model.eval()
# 运行模型前向计算，得到预测值
logits = self.model(x)
return logits
def save_model(self, save_path):
torch.save(self.model.state_dict(), save_path)
def load_model(self, model_path):
state_dict = torch.load(model_path)
self.model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
class Accuracy():
def __init__(self, is_logist=True):
# 用于统计正确的样本个数
self.num_correct = 0
# 用于统计样本的总数
self.num_count = 0
self.is_logist = is_logist
def update(self, outputs, labels):
# 判断是二分类任务还是多分类任务，shape[1]=1时为二分类任务，shape[1]>1时为多分类任务
if outputs.shape[1] == 1: # 二分类
outputs = torch.squeeze(outputs, dim=-1)
if self.is_logist:
# logist判断是否大于0
preds = torch.tensor((outputs >= 0), dtype=torch.float32)
else:
# 如果不是logist，判断每个概率值是否大于0.5，当大于0.5时，类别为1，否则类别为0
preds = torch.tensor((outputs >= 0.5), dtype=torch.float32)
else:
# 多分类时，使用'torch.argmax'计算最大元素索引作为类别
preds = torch.argmax(outputs, dim=1)
# 获取本批数据中预测正确的样本个数
labels = torch.squeeze(labels, dim=-1)
batch_correct = torch.sum(torch.tensor(preds == labels, dtype=torch.float32)).cpu().numpy()
batch_count = len(labels)
# 更新num_correct 和 num_count
self.num_correct += batch_correct
self.num_count += batch_count
def accumulate(self):
# 使用累计的数据，计算总的指标
if self.num_count == 0:
return 0
return self.num_correct / self.num_count
def reset(self):
# 重置正确的数目和总数
self.num_correct = 0
self.num_count = 0
def name(self):
return "Accuracy"
W_list = []
U_list = []
b_list = []
# 计算梯度范数
def custom_print_log(runner):
model = runner.model
W_grad_l2, U_grad_l2, b_grad_l2 = 0, 0, 0
for name, param in model.named_parameters():
if name == "rnn_model.W":
W_grad_l2 = torch.norm(param.grad, p=2).numpy()
if name == "rnn_model.U":
U_grad_l2 = torch.norm(param.grad, p=2).numpy()
if name == "rnn_model.b":
b_grad_l2 = torch.norm(param.grad, p=2).numpy()
print(f"[Training] W_grad_l2: {W_grad_l2:.5f}, U_grad_l2: {U_grad_l2:.5f}, b_grad_l2: {b_grad_l2:.5f} ")
W_list.append(W_grad_l2)
U_list.append(U_grad_l2)
b_list.append(b_grad_l2)
import os
import random
import torch
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(0)
random.seed(0)
torch.seed()
# 训练轮次
num_epochs = 50
# 学习率
lr = 0.2
# 输入数字的类别数
num_digits = 10
# 将数字映射为向量的维度
input_size = 32
# 隐状态向量的维度
hidden_size = 32
# 预测数字的类别数
num_classes = 19
# 批大小
batch_size = 64
# 模型保存目录
save_dir = "./checkpoints"
# 可以设置不同的length进行不同长度数据的预测实验
length = 20
print(f"\n====> Training SRN with data of length {length}.")
# 加载长度为length的数据
data_path = f"./datasets/{length}"
train_examples, dev_examples, test_examples = load_data(data_path)
train_set, dev_set, test_set = DigitSumDataset(train_examples), DigitSumDataset(dev_examples),DigitSumDataset(test_examples)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_set, batch_size=batch_size)
dev_loader = DataLoader(dev_set, batch_size=batch_size)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_set, batch_size=batch_size)
# 实例化模型
base_model = SRN(input_size, hidden_size)
model = Model_RNN4SeqClass(base_model, num_digits, input_size, hidden_size, num_classes)
# 指定优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(lr=lr, params=model.parameters())
# 定义评价指标
metric = Accuracy()
# 定义损失函数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction="sum")
# 基于以上组件，实例化Runner
runner = RunnerV3(model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric)
# 进行模型训练
model_save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f"srn_explosion_model_{length}.pdparams")
runner.train(train_loader, dev_loader, num_epochs=num_epochs, eval_steps=100, log_steps=1,
save_path=model_save_path, custom_print_log=custom_print_log)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def plot_grad(W_list, U_list, b_list, save_path, keep_steps=40):
# 开始绘制图片
plt.figure()
# 默认保留前40步的结果
steps = list(range(keep_steps))
plt.plot(steps, W_list[:keep_steps], "r-", color="#e4007f", label="W_grad_l2")
plt.plot(steps, U_list[:keep_steps], "-.", color="#f19ec2", label="U_grad_l2")
plt.plot(steps, b_list[:keep_steps], "--", color="#000000", label="b_grad_l2")
plt.xlabel("step")
plt.ylabel("L2 Norm")
plt.legend(loc="upper right")
plt.show()
plt.savefig(save_path)
print("image has been saved to: ", save_path)
save_path = f"./images/6.8.pdf"
plot_grad(W_list, U_list, b_list, save_path)
# 加载训练过程中效果最好的模型
model_path = os.path.join(save_dir, "srn_explosion_model_20.pdparams")
runner.load_model(model_path)
# 使用测试集评价模型，获取测试集上的预测准确率
score, _ = runner.evaluate(test_loader)
print(f"[SRN] length:{length}, Score: {score: .5f}")
class RunnerV3(object):
def __init__(self, model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric, **kwargs):
self.model = model
self.optimizer = optimizer
self.loss_fn = loss_fn
self.metric = metric # 只用于计算评价指标
# 记录训练过程中的评价指标变化情况
self.dev_scores = []
# 记录训练过程中的损失函数变化情况
self.train_epoch_losses = [] # 一个epoch记录一次loss
self.train_step_losses = [] # 一个step记录一次loss
self.dev_losses = []
# 记录全局最优指标
self.best_score = 0
def train(self, train_loader, dev_loader=None, **kwargs):
# 将模型切换为训练模式
self.model.train()
# 传入训练轮数，如果没有传入值则默认为0
num_epochs = kwargs.get("num_epochs", 0)
# 传入log打印频率，如果没有传入值则默认为100
log_steps = kwargs.get("log_steps", 100)
# 评价频率
eval_steps = kwargs.get("eval_steps", 0)
# 传入模型保存路径，如果没有传入值则默认为"best_model.pdparams"
save_path = kwargs.get("save_path", "best_model.pdparams")
custom_print_log = kwargs.get("custom_print_log", None)
# 训练总的步数
num_training_steps = num_epochs * len(train_loader)
if eval_steps:
if self.metric is None:
raise RuntimeError('Error: Metric can not be None!')
if dev_loader is None:
raise RuntimeError('Error: dev_loader can not be None!')
# 运行的step数目
global_step = 0
# 进行num_epochs轮训练
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
# 用于统计训练集的损失
total_loss = 0
for step, data in enumerate(train_loader):
X, y = data
# 获取模型预测
logits = self.model(X)
loss = self.loss_fn(logits, y.long()) # 默认求mean
total_loss += loss
# 训练过程中，每个step的loss进行保存
self.train_step_losses.append((global_step, loss.item()))
if log_steps and global_step % log_steps == 0:
print(
f"[Train] epoch: {epoch}/{num_epochs}, step: {global_step}/{num_training_steps}, loss: {loss.item():.5f}")
# 梯度反向传播，计算每个参数的梯度值
loss.backward()
if custom_print_log:
custom_print_log(self)
# 小批量梯度下降进行参数更新
nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(parameters=model.parameters(), max_norm=20, norm_type=2)
self.optimizer.step()
# 梯度归零
self.optimizer.zero_grad()
# 判断是否需要评价
if eval_steps > 0 and global_step > 0 and \
(global_step % eval_steps == 0 or global_step == (num_training_steps - 1)):
dev_score, dev_loss = self.evaluate(dev_loader, global_step=global_step)
print(f"[Evaluate] dev score: {dev_score:.5f}, dev loss: {dev_loss:.5f}")
# 将模型切换为训练模式
self.model.train()
# 如果当前指标为最优指标，保存该模型
if dev_score > self.best_score:
self.save_model(save_path)
print(
f"[Evaluate] best accuracy performence has been updated: {self.best_score:.5f} --> {dev_score:.5f}")
self.best_score = dev_score
global_step += 1
# 当前epoch 训练loss累计值
trn_loss = (total_loss / len(train_loader)).item()
# epoch粒度的训练loss保存
self.train_epoch_losses.append(trn_loss)
print("[Train] Training done!")
# 模型评估阶段，使用'torch.no_grad()'控制不计算和存储梯度
@torch.no_grad()
def evaluate(self, dev_loader, **kwargs):
assert self.metric is not None
# 将模型设置为评估模式
self.model.eval()
global_step = kwargs.get("global_step", -1)
# 用于统计训练集的损失
total_loss = 0
# 重置评价
self.metric.reset()
# 遍历验证集每个批次
for batch_id, data in enumerate(dev_loader):
X, y = data
# 计算模型输出
logits = self.model(X)
# 计算损失函数
loss = self.loss_fn(logits, y.long()).item()
# 累积损失
total_loss += loss
# 累积评价
self.metric.update(logits, y)
dev_loss = (total_loss / len(dev_loader))
dev_score = self.metric.accumulate()
# 记录验证集loss
if global_step != -1:
self.dev_losses.append((global_step, dev_loss))
self.dev_scores.append(dev_score)
return dev_score, dev_loss
# 模型评估阶段，使用'torch.no_grad()'控制不计算和存储梯度
@torch.no_grad()
def predict(self, x, **kwargs):
# 将模型设置为评估模式
self.model.eval()
# 运行模型前向计算，得到预测值
logits = self.model(x)
return logits
def save_model(self, save_path):
torch.save(self.model.state_dict(), save_path)
def load_model(self, model_path):
state_dict = torch.load(model_path)
self.model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
from torch.utils.data import Dataset,DataLoader
class DigitSumDataset(Dataset):
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def __getitem__(self, idx):
example = self.data[idx]
seq = torch.tensor(example[0], dtype=torch.int64)
label = torch.tensor(example[1], dtype=torch.int64)
return seq, label
def __len__(self):
return len(self.data)
class Accuracy():
def __init__(self, is_logist=True):
# 用于统计正确的样本个数
self.num_correct = 0
# 用于统计样本的总数
self.num_count = 0
self.is_logist = is_logist
def update(self, outputs, labels):
# 判断是二分类任务还是多分类任务，shape[1]=1时为二分类任务，shape[1]>1时为多分类任务
if outputs.shape[1] == 1: # 二分类
outputs = torch.squeeze(outputs, dim=-1)
if self.is_logist:
# logist判断是否大于0
preds = torch.tensor((outputs >= 0), dtype=torch.float32)
else:
# 如果不是logist，判断每个概率值是否大于0.5，当大于0.5时，类别为1，否则类别为0
preds = torch.tensor((outputs >= 0.5), dtype=torch.float32)
else:
# 多分类时，使用'torch.argmax'计算最大元素索引作为类别
preds = torch.argmax(outputs, dim=1)
# 获取本批数据中预测正确的样本个数
labels = torch.squeeze(labels, dim=-1)
batch_correct = torch.sum(torch.tensor(preds == labels, dtype=torch.float32)).cpu().numpy()
batch_count = len(labels)
# 更新num_correct 和 num_count
self.num_correct += batch_correct
self.num_count += batch_count
def accumulate(self):
# 使用累计的数据，计算总的指标
if self.num_count == 0:
return 0
return self.num_correct / self.num_count
def reset(self):
# 重置正确的数目和总数
self.num_correct = 0
self.num_count = 0
def name(self):
return "Accuracy"
# 清空梯度列表
W_list.clear()
U_list.clear()
b_list.clear()
# 实例化模型
base_model = SRN(input_size, hidden_size)
model = Model_RNN4SeqClass(base_model, num_digits, input_size, hidden_size, num_classes)
# 定义clip，并实例化优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(lr=lr, params=model.parameters())
# 定义评价指标
metric = Accuracy()
# 定义损失函数
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction="sum")
# 实例化Runner
runner = RunnerV3(model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric)
# 训练模型
model_save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f"srn_fix_explosion_model_{length}.pdparams")
runner.train(train_loader, dev_loader, num_epochs=num_epochs, eval_steps=100, log_steps=1, save_path=model_save_path, custom_print_log=custom_print_log)
# 进行模型训练
model_save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f"srn_explosion_model_{length}.pdparams")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def plot_grad(W_list, U_list, b_list, save_path, keep_steps=40):
# 开始绘制图片
plt.figure()
# 默认保留前40步的结果
steps = list(range(keep_steps))
plt.plot(steps, W_list[:keep_steps], "r-", color="#e4007f", label="W_grad_l2")
plt.plot(steps, U_list[:keep_steps], "-.", color="#f19ec2", label="U_grad_l2")
plt.plot(steps, b_list[:keep_steps], "--", color="#000000", label="b_grad_l2")
plt.xlabel("step")
plt.ylabel("L2 Norm")
plt.legend(loc="upper right")
plt.show()
plt.savefig(save_path)
print("image has been saved to: ", save_path)
save_path = f"./images/6.9.pdf"
plot_grad(W_list, U_list, b_list, save_path)
print(f"Evaluate SRN with data length {length}.")
# 加载训练过程中效果最好的模型
model_path = os.path.join(save_dir, "srn_explosion_model_20.pdparams")
runner.load_model(model_path)
# 使用测试集评价模型，获取测试集上的预测准确率
score, _ = runner.evaluate(test_loader)
print(f"[SRN] length:{length}, Score: {score: .5f}")
3、LSTM的长程依赖能力
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
# 声明LSTM和相关参数
class LSTM(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, Wi_attr=None, Wf_attr=None, Wo_attr=None, Wc_attr=None,
Ui_attr=None, Uf_attr=None, Uo_attr=None, Uc_attr=None, bi_attr=None, bf_attr=None,
bo_attr=None, bc_attr=None):
super(LSTM, self).__init__()
self.input_size = input_size
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
# 初始化模型参数
if Wi_attr==None:
Wi= torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Wi = torch.tensor(Wi_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W_i = torch.nn.Parameter(Wi)
if Wf_attr==None:
Wf=torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Wf = torch.tensor(Wf_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W_f = torch.nn.Parameter(Wf)
if Wo_attr==None:
Wo=torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Wo = torch.tensor(Wo_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W_o =torch.nn.Parameter(Wo)
if Wc_attr==None:
Wc=torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Wc = torch.tensor(Wc_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W_c = torch.nn.Parameter(Wc)
if Ui_attr==None:
Ui = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Ui = torch.tensor(Ui_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U_i = torch.nn.Parameter(Ui)
if Uf_attr == None:
Uf = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Uf = torch.tensor(Uf_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U_f = torch.nn.Parameter(Uf)
if Uo_attr == None:
Uo = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Uo = torch.tensor(Uo_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U_o = torch.nn.Parameter(Uo)
if Uc_attr == None:
Uc = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Uc = torch.tensor(Uc_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U_c = torch.nn.Parameter(Uc)
if bi_attr == None:
bi = torch.zeros(size=[1,hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
bi = torch.tensor(bi_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b_i = torch.nn.Parameter(bi)
if bf_attr == None:
bf = torch.zeros(size=[1,hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
bf = torch.tensor(bf_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b_f = torch.nn.Parameter(bf)
if bo_attr == None:
bo = torch.zeros(size=[1,hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
bo = torch.tensor(bo_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b_o = torch.nn.Parameter(bo)
if bc_attr == None:
bc = torch.zeros(size=[1,hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
bc = torch.tensor(bc_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b_c = torch.nn.Parameter(bc)
# 初始化状态向量和隐状态向量
def init_state(self, batch_size):
hidden_state = torch.zeros(size=[batch_size, self.hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
cell_state = torch.zeros(size=[batch_size, self.hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
return hidden_state, cell_state
# 定义前向计算
def forward(self, inputs, states=None):
# inputs: 输入数据，其shape为batch_size x seq_len x input_size
batch_size, seq_len, input_size = inputs.shape
# 初始化起始的单元状态和隐状态向量，其shape为batch_size x hidden_size
if states is None:
states = self.init_state(batch_size)
hidden_state, cell_state = states
# 执行LSTM计算，包括：输入门、遗忘门和输出门、候选内部状态、内部状态和隐状态向量
for step in range(seq_len):
# 获取当前时刻的输入数据step_input: 其shape为batch_size x input_size
step_input = inputs[:, step, :]
# 计算输入门, 遗忘门和输出门, 其shape为：batch_size x hidden_size
I_gate = F.sigmoid(torch.matmul(step_input, self.W_i) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U_i) + self.b_i)
F_gate = F.sigmoid(torch.matmul(step_input, self.W_f) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U_f) + self.b_f)
O_gate = F.sigmoid(torch.matmul(step_input, self.W_o) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U_o) + self.b_o)
# 计算候选状态向量, 其shape为：batch_size x hidden_size
C_tilde = F.tanh(torch.matmul(step_input, self.W_c) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U_c) + self.b_c)
# 计算单元状态向量, 其shape为：batch_size x hidden_size
cell_state = F_gate * cell_state + I_gate * C_tilde
# 计算隐状态向量，其shape为：batch_size x hidden_size
hidden_state = O_gate * F.tanh(cell_state)
return hidden_state
# nn.LSTM
Wi_attr = [[0.1, 0.2], [0.1, 0.2]]
Wf_attr = [[0.1, 0.2], [0.1, 0.2]]
Wo_attr = [[0.1, 0.2], [0.1, 0.2]]
Wc_attr = [[0.1, 0.2], [0.1, 0.2]]
Ui_attr = [[0.0, 0.1], [0.1, 0.0]]
Uf_attr = [[0.0, 0.1], [0.1, 0.0]]
Uo_attr = [[0.0, 0.1], [0.1, 0.0]]
Uc_attr = [[0.0, 0.1], [0.1, 0.0]]
bi_attr = [[0.1, 0.1]]
bf_attr = [[0.1, 0.1]]
bo_attr = [[0.1, 0.1]]
bc_attr = [[0.1, 0.1]]
lstm = LSTM(2, 2, Wi_attr=Wi_attr, Wf_attr=Wf_attr, Wo_attr=Wo_attr, Wc_attr=Wc_attr,
Ui_attr=Ui_attr, Uf_attr=Uf_attr, Uo_attr=Uo_attr, Uc_attr=Uc_attr,
bi_attr=bi_attr, bf_attr=bf_attr, bo_attr=bo_attr, bc_attr=bc_attr)
inputs = torch.as_tensor([[[1, 0]]], dtype=torch.float32)
hidden_state = lstm(inputs)
print(hidden_state)
# 创建一个随机数组作为测试数据，数据shape为batch_size * seq_len * input_size
batch_size, seq_len, input_size = 8, 20, 32 # 批次大小 序列长度 输入大小
inputs = torch.randn(size=[batch_size, seq_len, input_size]) # 创建随机张量 作为输入数据
# 设置模型的hidden_size
hidden_size = 32
# 创建LSTM模型
torch_lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size, hidden_size)
self_lstm = LSTM(input_size, hidden_size)
# 使用自定义的self_lstm对输入数据进行前向传播，得到隐藏状态
self_hidden_state = self_lstm(inputs)
# 返回两个输出：输出张量 torch_outputs 和隐藏状态
torch_outputs, (torch_hidden_state, torch_cell_state) = torch_lstm(inputs)
print("self_lstm hidden_state: ", self_hidden_state.shape) # 隐藏状态大小
print("torch_lstm outpus:", torch_outputs.shape) # 输出大小
print("torch_lstm hidden_state:", torch_hidden_state.shape) # 隐藏状态大小
print("torch_lstm cell_state:", torch_cell_state.shape) # 单元状态大小
torch.manual_seed(0)
# 这里创建一个随机数组作为测试数据，数据shape为batch_size x seq_len x input_size
batch_size, seq_len, input_size, hidden_size = 2, 5, 10, 10
inputs = torch.randn(size=[batch_size, seq_len, input_size])
# 设置模型的hidden_size
bih_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.zeros([4*hidden_size, ]))
pytorch_lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size, hidden_size,bias=True)
# 获取pytorch_lstm中的参数，并设置相应的paramAttr,用于初始化lstm
print(pytorch_lstm.weight_ih_l0.T.shape)
chunked_W = torch.split(pytorch_lstm.weight_ih_l0.T, split_size_or_sections=10, dim=-1)
chunked_U = torch.split(pytorch_lstm.weight_hh_l0.T, split_size_or_sections=10, dim=-1)
chunked_b = torch.split(pytorch_lstm.bias_hh_l0.T, split_size_or_sections=10, dim=-1)
Wi_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_W[0])
Wf_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_W[1])
Wc_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_W[2])
Wo_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_W[3])
Ui_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_U[0])
Uf_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_U[1])
Uc_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_U[2])
Uo_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_U[3])
bi_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_b[0])
bf_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_b[1])
bc_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_b[2])
bo_attr = torch.nn.Parameter(chunked_b[3])
self_lstm = LSTM(input_size, hidden_size, Wi_attr=Wi_attr, Wf_attr=Wf_attr, Wo_attr=Wo_attr, Wc_attr=Wc_attr,
Ui_attr=Ui_attr, Uf_attr=Uf_attr, Uo_attr=Uo_attr, Uc_attr=Uc_attr,
bi_attr=bi_attr, bf_attr=bf_attr, bo_attr=bo_attr, bc_attr=bc_attr)
# 进行前向计算，获取隐状态向量，并打印展示
self_hidden_state = self_lstm(inputs)
pytorch_outputs, (pytorch_hidden_state, _) = pytorch_lstm(inputs)
print("pytorch LSTM:\n", pytorch_hidden_state.detach().numpy().squeeze(0))
print("self LSTM:\n", self_hidden_state.detach().numpy())
import time
# 这里创建一个随机数组作为测试数据，数据shape为batch_size x seq_len x input_size
batch_size, seq_len, input_size = 8, 20, 32
inputs = torch.randn(size=[batch_size, seq_len, input_size])
# 设置模型的hidden_size
hidden_size = 32
self_lstm = LSTM(input_size, hidden_size)
pytorch_lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size, hidden_size)
# 计算自己实现的SRN运算速度
model_time = 0
for i in range(100):
strat_time = time.time()
hidden_state = self_lstm(inputs)
# 预热10次运算，不计入最终速度统计
if i < 10:
continue
end_time = time.time()
model_time += (end_time - strat_time)
avg_model_time = model_time / 90
print('self_lstm speed:', avg_model_time, 's')
# 计算pytorch内置的SRN运算速度
model_time = 0
for i in range(100):
strat_time = time.time()
outputs, (hidden_state, cell_state) = pytorch_lstm(inputs)
# 预热10次运算，不计入最终速度统计
if i < 10:
continue
end_time = time.time()
model_time += (end_time - strat_time)
avg_model_time = model_time / 90
print('pytorch_lstm speed:', avg_model_time, 's')
from torch.utils.data import Dataset,DataLoader
import torch
class DigitSumDataset(Dataset):
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
def __getitem__(self, idx):
example = self.data[idx]
seq = torch.tensor(example[0], dtype=torch.int64)
label = torch.tensor(example[1], dtype=torch.int64)
return seq, label
def __len__(self):
return len(self.data)
import os
# 加载数据
def load_data(data_path):
# 加载训练集
train_examples = []
train_path = os.path.join(data_path, "train.txt")
with open(train_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
# 解析一行数据，将其处理为数字序列seq和标签label
items = line.strip().split("\t")
seq = [int(i) for i in items[0].split(" ")]
label = int(items[1])
train_examples.append((seq, label))
# 加载验证集
dev_examples = []
dev_path = os.path.join(data_path, "dev.txt")
with open(dev_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
# 解析一行数据，将其处理为数字序列seq和标签label
items = line.strip().split("\t")
seq = [int(i) for i in items[0].split(" ")]
label = int(items[1])
dev_examples.append((seq, label))
# 加载测试集
test_examples = []
test_path = os.path.join(data_path, "test.txt")
with open(test_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f.readlines():
# 解析一行数据，将其处理为数字序列seq和标签label
items = line.strip().split("\t")
seq = [int(i) for i in items[0].split(" ")]
label = int(items[1])
test_examples.append((seq, label))
return train_examples, dev_examples, test_examples
class Embedding(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_embeddings, embedding_dim):
super(Embedding, self).__init__()
self.W = nn.init.xavier_uniform_(torch.empty(num_embeddings, embedding_dim),gain=1.0)
def forward(self, inputs):
# 根据索引获取对应词向量
embs = self.W[inputs]
return embs
emb_layer = Embedding(10, 5)
inputs = torch.tensor([0, 1, 2, 3])
emb_layer(inputs)
# 基于RNN实现数字预测的模型
class Model_RNN4SeqClass(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, model, num_digits, input_size, hidden_size, num_classes):
super(Model_RNN4SeqClass, self).__init__()
# 传入实例化的RNN层，例如SRN
self.rnn_model = model
# 词典大小
self.num_digits = num_digits
# 嵌入向量的维度
self.input_size = input_size
# 定义Embedding层
self.embedding = Embedding(num_digits, input_size)
# 定义线性层
self.linear = nn.Linear(hidden_size, num_classes)
def forward(self, inputs):
# 将数字序列映射为相应向量
inputs_emb = self.embedding(inputs)
# 调用RNN模型
hidden_state = self.rnn_model(inputs_emb)
# 使用最后一个时刻的状态进行数字预测
logits = self.linear(hidden_state)
return logits
class RunnerV3(object):
def __init__(self, model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric, **kwargs):
self.model = model
self.optimizer = optimizer
self.loss_fn = loss_fn
self.metric = metric # 只用于计算评价指标
# 记录训练过程中的评价指标变化情况
self.dev_scores = []
# 记录训练过程中的损失函数变化情况
self.train_epoch_losses = [] # 一个epoch记录一次loss
self.train_step_losses = [] # 一个step记录一次loss
self.dev_losses = []
# 记录全局最优指标
self.best_score = 0
def train(self, train_loader, dev_loader=None, **kwargs):
# 将模型切换为训练模式
self.model.train()
# 传入训练轮数，如果没有传入值则默认为0
num_epochs = kwargs.get("num_epochs", 0)
# 传入log打印频率，如果没有传入值则默认为100
log_steps = kwargs.get("log_steps", 100)
# 评价频率
eval_steps = kwargs.get("eval_steps", 0)
# 传入模型保存路径，如果没有传入值则默认为"best_model.pdparams"
save_path = kwargs.get("save_path", "best_model.pdparams")
custom_print_log = kwargs.get("custom_print_log", None)
# 训练总的步数
num_training_steps = num_epochs * len(train_loader)
if eval_steps:
if self.metric is None:
raise RuntimeError('Error: Metric can not be None!')
if dev_loader is None:
raise RuntimeError('Error: dev_loader can not be None!')
# 运行的step数目
global_step = 0
# 进行num_epochs轮训练
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
# 用于统计训练集的损失
total_loss = 0
for step, data in enumerate(train_loader):
X, y = data
# 获取模型预测
logits = self.model(X)
loss = self.loss_fn(logits, y.long()) # 默认求mean
total_loss += loss
# 训练过程中，每个step的loss进行保存
self.train_step_losses.append((global_step, loss.item()))
if log_steps and global_step % log_steps == 0:
print(
f"[Train] epoch: {epoch}/{num_epochs}, step: {global_step}/{num_training_steps}, loss: {loss.item():.5f}")
# 梯度反向传播，计算每个参数的梯度值
loss.backward()
if custom_print_log:
custom_print_log(self)
# 小批量梯度下降进行参数更新
self.optimizer.step()
# 梯度归零
self.optimizer.zero_grad()
# 判断是否需要评价
if eval_steps > 0 and global_step > 0 and \
(global_step % eval_steps == 0 or global_step == (num_training_steps - 1)):
dev_score, dev_loss = self.evaluate(dev_loader, global_step=global_step)
print(f"[Evaluate] dev score: {dev_score:.5f}, dev loss: {dev_loss:.5f}")
# 将模型切换为训练模式
self.model.train()
# 如果当前指标为最优指标，保存该模型
if dev_score > self.best_score:
self.save_model(save_path)
print(
f"[Evaluate] best accuracy performence has been updated: {self.best_score:.5f} --> {dev_score:.5f}")
self.best_score = dev_score
global_step += 1
# 当前epoch 训练loss累计值
trn_loss = (total_loss / len(train_loader)).item()
# epoch粒度的训练loss保存
self.train_epoch_losses.append(trn_loss)
print("[Train] Training done!")
# 模型评估阶段，使用'torch.no_grad()'控制不计算和存储梯度
@torch.no_grad()
def evaluate(self, dev_loader, **kwargs):
assert self.metric is not None
# 将模型设置为评估模式
self.model.eval()
global_step = kwargs.get("global_step", -1)
# 用于统计训练集的损失
total_loss = 0
# 重置评价
self.metric.reset()
# 遍历验证集每个批次
for batch_id, data in enumerate(dev_loader):
X, y = data
# 计算模型输出
logits = self.model(X)
# 计算损失函数
loss = self.loss_fn(logits, y.long()).item()
# 累积损失
total_loss += loss
# 累积评价
self.metric.update(logits, y)
dev_loss = (total_loss / len(dev_loader))
dev_score = self.metric.accumulate()
# 记录验证集loss
if global_step != -1:
self.dev_losses.append((global_step, dev_loss))
self.dev_scores.append(dev_score)
return dev_score, dev_loss
# 模型评估阶段，使用'torch.no_grad()'控制不计算和存储梯度
@torch.no_grad()
def predict(self, x, **kwargs):
# 将模型设置为评估模式
self.model.eval()
# 运行模型前向计算，得到预测值
logits = self.model(x)
return logits
def save_model(self, save_path):
torch.save(self.model.state_dict(), save_path)
def load_model(self, model_path):
state_dict = torch.load(model_path)
self.model.load_state_dict(state_dict)
class Accuracy():
def __init__(self, is_logist=True):
# 用于统计正确的样本个数
self.num_correct = 0
# 用于统计样本的总数
self.num_count = 0
self.is_logist = is_logist
def update(self, outputs, labels):
# 判断是二分类任务还是多分类任务，shape[1]=1时为二分类任务，shape[1]>1时为多分类任务
if outputs.shape[1] == 1: # 二分类
outputs = torch.squeeze(outputs, dim=-1)
if self.is_logist:
# logist判断是否大于0
preds = torch.tensor((outputs >= 0), dtype=torch.float32)
else:
# 如果不是logist，判断每个概率值是否大于0.5，当大于0.5时，类别为1，否则类别为0
preds = torch.tensor((outputs >= 0.5), dtype=torch.float32)
else:
# 多分类时，使用'torch.argmax'计算最大元素索引作为类别
preds = torch.argmax(outputs, dim=1)
# 获取本批数据中预测正确的样本个数
labels = torch.squeeze(labels, dim=-1)
batch_correct = torch.sum(torch.tensor(preds == labels, dtype=torch.float32)).cpu().numpy()
batch_count = len(labels)
# 更新num_correct 和 num_count
self.num_correct += batch_correct
self.num_count += batch_count
def accumulate(self):
# 使用累计的数据，计算总的指标
if self.num_count == 0:
return 0
return self.num_correct / self.num_count
def reset(self):
# 重置正确的数目和总数
self.num_correct = 0
self.num_count = 0
def name(self):
return "Accuracy"
import os
import random
import torch
import numpy as np
# 训练轮次
num_epochs = 500
# 学习率
lr = 0.001
# 输入数字的类别数
num_digits = 10
# 将数字映射为向量的维度
input_size = 32
# 隐状态向量的维度
hidden_size = 32
# 预测数字的类别数
num_classes = 19
# 批大小
batch_size = 8
# 模型保存目录
save_dir = "./checkpoints"
# 可以设置不同的length进行不同长度数据的预测实验
def train(length):
print(f"\n====> Training LSTM with data of length {length}.")
np.random.seed(0)
random.seed(0)
# 加载长度为length的数据
data_path = f"./datasets/{length}"
train_examples, dev_examples, test_examples = load_data(data_path)
train_set, dev_set, test_set = DigitSumDataset(train_examples), DigitSumDataset(dev_examples), DigitSumDataset(test_examples)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_set, batch_size=batch_size)
dev_loader = DataLoader(dev_set, batch_size=batch_size)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_set, batch_size=batch_size)
# 实例化模型
base_model = LSTM(input_size, hidden_size)
model = Model_RNN4SeqClass(base_model, num_digits, input_size, hidden_size, num_classes)
# 指定优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(lr=lr, params=model.parameters())
# 定义评价指标
metric = Accuracy()
# 定义损失函数
loss_fn = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
# 基于以上组件，实例化Runner
runner = RunnerV3(model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric)
# 进行模型训练
model_save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f"best_lstm_model_{length}.pdparams")
runner.train(train_loader, dev_loader, num_epochs=num_epochs, eval_steps=100, log_steps=100, save_path=model_save_path)
return runner
lstm_runners = {}
lengths = [10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35]
for length in lengths:
runner = train(length)
lstm_runners[length] = runner
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def plot_training_loss(runner, fig_name, sample_step):
plt.figure()
train_items = runner.train_step_losses[::sample_step]
train_steps = [x[0] for x in train_items]
train_losses = [x[1] for x in train_items]
plt.plot(train_steps, train_losses, color='#e4007f', label="Train loss")
dev_steps = [x[0] for x in runner.dev_losses]
dev_losses = [x[1] for x in runner.dev_losses]
plt.plot(dev_steps, dev_losses, color='#f19ec2', linestyle='--', label="Dev loss")
# 绘制坐标轴和图例
plt.ylabel("loss", fontsize='large')
plt.xlabel("step", fontsize='large')
plt.legend(loc='upper right', fontsize='x-large')
plt.savefig(fig_name)
plt.show()
# 画出训练过程中的损失图
for length in lengths:
runner = lstm_runners[length]
fig_name = f"./images/6.11_{length}.pdf"
plot_training_loss(runner, fig_name, sample_step=100)
lstm_dev_scores = []
lstm_test_scores = []
for length in lengths:
print(f"Evaluate LSTM with data length {length}.")
runner = lstm_runners[length]
# 加载训练过程中效果最好的模型
model_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f"best_lstm_model_{length}.pdparams")
runner.load_model(model_path)
# 加载长度为length的数据
data_path = f"./datasets/{length}"
train_examples, dev_examples, test_examples = load_data(data_path)
test_set = DigitSumDataset(test_examples)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_set, batch_size=batch_size)
# 使用测试集评价模型，获取测试集上的预测准确率
score, _ = runner.evaluate(test_loader)
lstm_test_scores.append(score)
lstm_dev_scores.append(max(runner.dev_scores))
for length, dev_score, test_score in zip(lengths, lstm_dev_scores, lstm_test_scores):
print(f"[LSTM] length:{length}, dev_score: {dev_score}, test_score: {test_score: .5f}")
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot(lengths, lstm_dev_scores, '-o', color='#e8609b', label="LSTM Dev Accuracy")
plt.plot(lengths, lstm_test_scores,'-o', color='#000000', label="LSTM Test Accuracy")
#绘制坐标轴和图例
plt.ylabel("accuracy", fontsize='large')
plt.xlabel("sequence length", fontsize='large')
plt.legend(loc='lower left', fontsize='x-large')
fig_name = "./images/6.12.pdf"
plt.savefig(fig_name)
plt.show()
# 声明LSTM和相关参数
class LSTM(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, Wi_attr=None, Wf_attr=None, Wo_attr=None, Wc_attr=None,
Ui_attr=None, Uf_attr=None, Uo_attr=None, Uc_attr=None, bi_attr=None, bf_attr=None,
bo_attr=None, bc_attr=None):
super(LSTM, self).__init__()
self.input_size = input_size
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
# 初始化模型参数
if Wi_attr == None:
Wi = torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Wi = torch.tensor(Wi_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W_i = torch.nn.Parameter(Wi)
if Wf_attr == None:
Wf = torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Wf = torch.tensor(Wf_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W_f = torch.nn.Parameter(Wf)
if Wo_attr == None:
Wo = torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Wo = torch.tensor(Wo_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W_o = torch.nn.Parameter(Wo)
if Wc_attr == None:
Wc = torch.zeros(size=[input_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Wc = torch.tensor(Wc_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.W_c = torch.nn.Parameter(Wc)
if Ui_attr == None:
Ui = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Ui = torch.tensor(Ui_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U_i = torch.nn.Parameter(Ui)
if Uf_attr == None:
Uf = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Uf = torch.tensor(Uf_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U_f = torch.nn.Parameter(Uf)
if Uo_attr == None:
Uo = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Uo = torch.tensor(Uo_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U_o = torch.nn.Parameter(Uo)
if Uc_attr == None:
Uc = torch.zeros(size=[hidden_size, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
Uc = torch.tensor(Uc_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.U_c = torch.nn.Parameter(Uc)
if bi_attr == None:
bi = torch.zeros(size=[1, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
bi = torch.tensor(bi_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b_i = torch.nn.Parameter(bi)
if bf_attr == None:
bf = torch.zeros(size=[1, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
bf = torch.tensor(bf_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b_f = torch.nn.Parameter(bf)
if bo_attr == None:
bo = torch.zeros(size=[1, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
bo = torch.tensor(bo_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b_o = torch.nn.Parameter(bo)
if bc_attr == None:
bc = torch.zeros(size=[1, hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
else:
bc = torch.tensor(bc_attr, dtype=torch.float32)
self.b_c = torch.nn.Parameter(bc)
# 初始化状态向量和隐状态向量
def init_state(self, batch_size):
hidden_state = torch.zeros(size=[batch_size, self.hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
cell_state = torch.zeros(size=[batch_size, self.hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
return hidden_state, cell_state
# 定义前向计算
def forward(self, inputs, states=None):
# inputs: 输入数据，其shape为batch_size x seq_len x input_size
batch_size, seq_len, input_size = inputs.shape
# 初始化起始的单元状态和隐状态向量，其shape为batch_size x hidden_size
if states is None:
states = self.init_state(batch_size)
hidden_state, cell_state = states
# 定义相应的门状态和单元状态向量列表
self.Is = []
self.Fs = []
self.Os = []
self.Cs = []
# 初始化状态向量和隐状态向量
cell_state = torch.zeros(size=[batch_size, self.hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
hidden_state = torch.zeros(size=[batch_size, self.hidden_size], dtype=torch.float32)
# 执行LSTM计算，包括：隐藏门、输入门、遗忘门、候选状态向量、状态向量和隐状态向量
for step in range(seq_len):
input_step = inputs[:, step, :]
I_gate = F.sigmoid(torch.matmul(input_step, self.W_i) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U_i) + self.b_i)
F_gate = F.sigmoid(torch.matmul(input_step, self.W_f) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U_f) + self.b_f)
O_gate = F.sigmoid(torch.matmul(input_step, self.W_o) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U_o) + self.b_o)
C_tilde = F.tanh(torch.matmul(input_step, self.W_c) + torch.matmul(hidden_state, self.U_c) + self.b_c)
cell_state = F_gate * cell_state + I_gate * C_tilde
hidden_state = O_gate * F.tanh(cell_state)
# 存储门状态向量和单元状态向量
self.Is.append(I_gate.detach().numpy().copy())
self.Fs.append(F_gate.detach().numpy().copy())
self.Os.append(O_gate.detach().numpy().copy())
self.Cs.append(cell_state.detach().numpy().copy())
return hidden_state
# 实例化模型
base_model = LSTM(input_size, hidden_size)
model = Model_RNN4SeqClass(base_model, num_digits, input_size, hidden_size, num_classes)
# 指定优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(lr=lr, params=model.parameters())
# 定义评价指标
metric = Accuracy()
# 定义损失函数
loss_fn = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
# 基于以上组件，重新实例化Runner
runner = RunnerV3(model, optimizer, loss_fn, metric)
length = 10
# 加载训练过程中效果最好的模型
model_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f"best_lstm_model_{length}.pdparams")
runner.load_model(model_path)
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def plot_tensor(inputs, tensor, save_path, vmin=0, vmax=1):
tensor = np.stack(tensor, axis=0)
tensor = np.squeeze(tensor, 1).T
plt.figure(figsize=(16,6))
# vmin, vmax定义了色彩图的上下界
ax = sns.heatmap(tensor, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
ax.set_xticklabels(inputs)
ax.figure.savefig(save_path)
# 定义模型输入
inputs = [6, 7, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
X = torch.as_tensor(inputs.copy())
X = X.unsqueeze(0)
# 进行模型预测，并获取相应的预测结果
logits = runner.predict(X)
predict_label = torch.argmax(logits, dim=-1)
print(f"predict result: {predict_label.numpy()[0]}")
# 输入门
Is = runner.model.rnn_model.Is
plot_tensor(inputs, Is, save_path="./images/6.13_I.pdf")
# 遗忘门
Fs = runner.model.rnn_model.Fs
plot_tensor(inputs, Fs, save_path="./images/6.13_F.pdf")
# 输出门
Os = runner.model.rnn_model.Os
plot_tensor(inputs, Os, save_path="./images/6.13_O.pdf")
# 单元状态
Cs = runner.model.rnn_model.Cs
plot_tensor(inputs, Cs, save_path="./images/6.13_C.pdf", vmin=-5, vmax=5)
参考网址：
- NNDL 实验七 循环神经网络（3）LSTM的记忆能力实验_有一组时间序列如下表所示,一个记忆单元初始值为 0 的 lstm 单元如图 1,请写-CSDN博客
- NNDL 实验七 循环神经网络（3）LSTM的记忆能力实验_神经网络 记忆函数-CSDN博客
- 飞桨AI Studio星河社区-人工智能学习与实训社区 (baidu.com)
- 循环神经网络（RNN） - 知乎 (zhihu.com)
- 【深度学习】循环神经网络RNN、LSTM、GRU_lstm网络的输入-CSDN博客
- 通俗易懂的RNN总结（包含LSTM/GRU/BPTT等）_gru神经网络bptt-CSDN博客
- NNDL 实验七 循环神经网络（3）LSTM的记忆能力实验_为啥srn比lstm-CSDN博客
- NNDL 实验6（上） - HBU_DAVID - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
扫一扫
5163
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
